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FORT     NEW    AMSTERDA.M.    '^|Sl^         >'E\V    VOBK    •   .       IO3I 

Tf  ben  you  leave,  please  leave  this  book 

Because  it  has  been  said 

"Sver'thing  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 

AvKRY  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  B.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2013 


http://archive.org/details/newyorkillustratOOfilm 


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lEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED; 


CONTAINING 


ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    PUBLIC  BUILDINGS,    STREET   SCENES, 
AND  SUBURBAN   VIEWS. 


A  MAP,  AND  GENERAL  STRANGER'S  GUIDE. 


LIST  OF  JLLUSTRATIOKS. 


.  New  York,  as  seen  ft-om  Brooklyn. 

.  New  York  from  Port  Richmond. 

.  View  of  Castle  Garden  and  Battery 
from  the  Bnv. 

.  Wbitehatl  Street. 

.  Trinity  Cliurch  and  Martyrs'  Monu- 
ment. 

.  Treasury  Building  and  Wall  Street, 
looUins;  West. 

.  Nassau  St.,  north  from  W^all  St. 

.  Custom  House. 

.  Bank  of  New  York,  comer  Wall  and 
William  Streets. 

.  Corner  Cedar  Si.  and  Broadway. 

.  Broadway  at  lower  end  of  the  Park. 

.  City  Hall  and  New  Conrt-Honse. 

.  New  York  Hospital. 

.  New  York  Life  Insurance  Co.  Build- 
in?,  comer  Broadway  and  Leonard 
Street. 

.  The  Tombs. 

.  Broadway,  looking  north  from  St. 
Nicholas. 


.  Grace  Church,  comer  Tenth  St.  and  i  29, 

Broadway.  30, 

.  Union  SquaVe.  31, 

.  St.  George's  Church,  corner  of  Six- 
teenth St.  and  Stuyvesant  Place.        32, 
.  Washinston  Square.  33, 

.Fifth  Avenue,  at  corner  of  Twenty-    34, 

first  Street.  35. 

.  Fifth  Avenue,  on  a  Sunday  Momins;.  [  3G. 
.  Worth  Monument,  Madison  Square.  I  H7. 
.  Young  Men's   Christian    Association    .38. 

Building  and  Academy  of  Design,    30. 

at  corner  of  Twenty-third   Street    40. 

and  Fourth  Avenue. 
.  Booth's  Thefitre.  at  comer  uf  Twenty-  ,  41. 

third  Street  and  sixth  Avenue.     "       Ai. 
.  The  Grand  Opera-Hou-^e,  at  corner  of    1:!. 

Twenty-third  St.  and  Ei-lilh  Ave.        44.  Fishinu'-Smacks 
Chnrch  of  the  Transtiiinralion,  Twen-    4.5.  Jones's  Woud. 

ty-ninth  Street.       "  I  46.  High  Bridge. 

Mr.  A.  T.  Stewart's  Residence,  at  cor-  |  47.  Conev  Island. 

ner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Thirty-    48.  Jerome  Park. 

fourth  Street. 


Park  Avenne. 

Reservoir  and  Rutgers  Institute. 

Roman  Catholic  Cathedral  on  Fifth 

Avenue. 
Central  Park. 
Central  Park  Drive. 
Bowery  Music-Hall. 
Tenement-Houses. 
Old  Bowery  Theatre, 
North  River  Flotilla. 
Oyster-Boats. 
Ferry-Boat  at  Night. 
Wasiiingtou  Market.    Outside  Street 

Scene. 
Wnshinu'ton  Market.     Interior. 
Norlh  River  and  Sound  Steamboats. 
Wli;nf  Scene. 


NEW  YORK: 

D.    APPLETON    &     COMPANY, 

90,  92  &  94  GRAND  STREET. 
1870. 


,     M'/ 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  ill  the  jear  1869.  bj- 
D.  APPLETON  &  CO., 
in  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  Dislrict  Court  of  the  United  Stales,  for  tlie 
Soutlieni  Eistrict  of  New  Yorlc. 


XEW    YORK     ILLUSTRATED 


E^^^^^^^- 


1^ 


T  - 


A^ 


j^Ws- 


THE  ISLAND    CITY. 

S  the  eye  of  the  visitor  first  takes  in  the  island-city  of  New  York 
from  some  commanding  eminence — say  Brooklyn  Heights,  which 
probably  affords  the  most  comprehensive  view — a  hundred  questions 
arise  in  his  mind,  as  to  its  dimensions,  its  gigantic  commerce,  its  ships 
and  docks  and  stately  edifices,  with  numerous  other  statistical  queries, 
upon  which  he  may  desire  to  be  informed. 

The  city  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hudson  River,  eighteen 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  in  latitude  about  41°,  longitude  74°. 
The  city  and  county  are  identical  in  limits,  and  occupy  the  entire  surface  of  Manhattan  Is'land  ;  Randall's, 
Ward's,  and  Blackwell's  Islands,  in  the  East  River ;  and  Bedloe's,  Ellis's,  and  Governor's  Islands,  in  the  bay 
— the  last  three  being  occupied  by  the  United  States  Government. 

Manhattan  Island,  on  which  the  city  proper  stands,  is  thirteen  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  with  an  average 
breadth  of  one  and  three-fifths  miles,  forming  an  area  of  nearly  twenty-two  square  miles,  or  fourteen  thousand 
acres.     The  islands  in  East  River  and  the  bay  make  four  hundred  additional  acres. 

New  York  Island  is  bounded  on  the  north  by  Harlem  River  and  Spuyten  Devil  Creek,  which  separate  it  from 
the  main-land  of  the  State,  and  present  some  exquisite  scenery ;  on  the  east  are  Long  Island  Sound,  with  its  clus- 
ters of  beautiful  islets,  and  East  River  ;  and  the  noble  Hudson  laves  its  western  shore. 

The  surface  of  the  island  was  originally  very  rough.  A  rocky  ridge  ran  from  the  southern  point  northward, 
sending  out  several  jagged  spurs,  which,  after  branching  irregularly  for  about  five  miles,  culminated  in  Washing- 
ton Heights  (two  hundred  and  thirty-eight  feet  above  tide-water),  and  in  a  sharp,  precipitous  promontory,  one 
hundred  and  thirty  feet  high,  at  the  northern  extremity  of  the  island.  Most  of  the  rock  is  too  coarse  for  build- 
ing purposes,  and  the  entire  stratum  is  evidently  the  production  of  some  violent  upheaval.  Most  of  the  lower 
portion  of  the  island  is  composed  of  alluvial  sand-beds ;  and  there  were  also  many  swamps  in  different  quarters, 
though  the  few  remaining  marshes  are  rapidly  disappearing,  and  being  filled  in  for  new  streets.  The  principal 
1 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Fort  Richmond 


swamp  was  the  deep  valley  wMch  crossed  the  island  at  Caual  Street.  It  long  ago  sharvd  this  iate,  and  now 
forms  the  business  centre  of  the  city. 

Manhattan  Island  is,  by  survey,  divided  into  141,486  lots,  of  which  about  60,0(10  are  built  upon;  so  that,  at ;. 
rough  estimate,  and  making  allowance  for  the  number  absorbed  by  Central  Tark,  there  is  still  room  for  as  many 
more  houses,  and  over  double  the  present  population. 

The  city  proper  extends  from  the  southern  extremity  (Battery  Point),  and  is  compactly  built  for  a  distance 
of  about  six  miles,  and  irregularly,  on  the  east  side,  to  Harlem,  four  miles  further. 

On  the  west  side,  it  is  almost  solidly  built  to  about  Fifty-second  Street,  and  thence  irregularly  to  above 
Bloomingdale  (Seventy -eighth  Street),  whence  occur  the  refreshing  greenness,  and  long  lines  of  country-seats  and 
elegant  suburban  residences  of  Manhattanville  and  Washington  Heights. 

The  harbor  of  New  York  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  beautiful  in  the  world. 

The  outer  bar  is  at  Sandy  Hook,  eighteen  miles  from  the  Battery,  and  is  crossed  by  two  ship-channe/s,  which 
arc  from  twenty-one  to  thirty-two  feet  deep  at  low,  and  from  twenty-seven  to  thirty-nine  feet  at  high,  tide,  admit- 
ting vessels  of  the  heaviest  draught— the  monster  Great  Eastern  having  crossed  the  bar  several  times  without 
difficulty  or  danger.  The  Narrows  and  the  rivers  surrounding  the  city  are  very  deep,  with  strong  tidal  currents, 
keeping  them  in  winter  almost  constantly  clear  of  ice. 

The  magnificence  of  the  city  of  New  York  at  the  present  day,  when  we  consider  the  many  vicissitudes  through 
which  it  has  passed,  is  somewhat  remarkable.  Scathed  by  war,  fire,  riot,  and  pestilence,  its  growth  from  a  vil- 
lage of  1,000  inhabitants,  in  1656,  to  1,250,000  at  the  present  day — its  vast  public  works,  its  magnificent  build- 
ings, its  leagues  of  roaring  thoroughfares,  and  its  colossal  commerce — afford  the  most  imposing  monument  the 
world  has  ever  seen  of  the  speed  with  which  a  youthful  people  may  stride  to  opulence  and  power. 

The  first  establishment  of  regular  lines  of  packets  to  Europe  originated  with  New  York,  and  she  also  claims 
the  honor  of  the  first  experiments  in  steam-navigation.  One  of  her  greatest  enterprises  was  the  impulse  she 
gave  to  the  inland  trade  by  the  completion  of  the  great  Erie  Canal,  in  1825  ;  when  the  union  of  the  Atlantic  with 
the  lakes  was  announced  by  the  firing  of  cannon  along  the  whole  line  of  the  canal  to  the  Hudson,  and  celebrated 
in  New  York  by  a  magnificent  aquatic  procession,  which  deposited,  with  grand  ceremonies,  a  portion  of  the  waters 
of  Lake  Erie  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  city,  after  suffermg  repeatedly  from  the  scourge  of  the  yellow  fever,  enjoyed  comparative  immunity  from 


J^KW   YORK  ILLUHTRATKl). 


similar  taliunitics  for  a  number  of  years  ;  but,  in  1832,  the  Asiatic  cholera  made  its  appearance,  and  4,302  per- 
ilous became  its  victims.  This  calamity  had  scarcely  passed,  when  the  great  conflagration  of  1835  swept  away, 
in  u  single  night,  more  than  COO  buildings,  and  property  valued  at  over  $20,000,000. 

Another  great  fire  occurred  ten  years  later  ;  the  Asian  epidemic  has  repeatedly  revisited  her  ;  and  great  finan- 
cial crises  have  shaken  her  public  and  private  credit  to  their  very  centre — yet  she  stands  to-day  the  handsomest, 
linest-situated  city  in  the  world,  and  the  empire  city  of  the  Western  Hemisphere. 


NEW  YOIiK  FROM   THE  SEA. 

As  the  steamer  enters  New  York  Bay  from  the  sea,  and  sails  between  the  villa-crowned  shores  of  Staten  and 
Long  Islands,  through  that  contracted  passage  known  as  the  Narrows — the  gateway  of  our  Western  world, 
through  which  ceaselessly  come  and  go  the  great  ships  and  steamers,  bearing  flags  of  every  nation,  and  connect- 
ing our  waters  with  every  sea — we  observe  on  our  left  the  massive  battlements  of  Fort  Richmond,  or  the  water- 
battery  of  Fort  Tompkins,  at  the  lower  verge  of  the  Staten  Island  shore.  These  fortifications  are  quite  new, 
are  constructed  of  gray  stone,  mounted  with  guns  of  huge  calibre,  and  are  among  the  most  imposing  objects 
that  first  greet  the  vision  of  the  passenger  from  the  water-waste.  The  water-battery  is  the  most  fort-like  in  ap- 
pearance, but,  in  the  event  of  a  fleet  of  iron-elads  undertaking  to  force  an  entrance,  would  probably  prove  more 
vulnerable  than  the  batteries  on  the  heights,  from  which  a  continuous  volley  of  plunging  shot  could  be  directed 
with  as  much  effect  as  from  Gibraltar  or  any  stronghold  in  the  world. 

Opposite,  on  the  Long  Island  shore,  is  the  formidable  Fort  Ilamilton,  which  numljcrs  in  its  armament  several 
of  the  celebrated  liodman  guns,  whose  iron  spherical  shot  of  one  thousand  pounds  would  prove  disagreeable  to 
the  sides  of  almost  any  iron  ship-of-war  that  floats ;  and  also  the  old,  round,  red  Fort  Lafayette,  isolated  in  the 
waves,  and  likely  to  prove  more  famous  as  a  rebel  prison  than  as  an  impregnable  fortress  in  these  days  of  im- 
proved warfare. 

Passing  amid  these  noble  guardians  of  the  entrance  of  our  harbor,  with  a  fleeting  glimpse,  if  the  weather  is 
clear,  of  the  foam-fringed  neck  of  Coney  Island,  we  soon  see  the  great  island-city  of  the  Western  Hemisphere 
extending  before  our  gaze.  To  the  left  is  Bedloe's  Island,  a  mere  bank  in  the  water,  almost  made  for  the  con- 
venience of  the  United  States  Government  in  the  construction  of  a  fort.  Another  island-fort  (Ellis's  Island), 
smaller  and  more  insignificant,  stands  still  further  toward  the  Jersey  shore ;  and  then,  well  round  the  point  of 
Governor's  Island,  stands  old  Fort  Columbus,  facing  Castle  Garden  like  a  perpetual  menace.  As  we  sail  beyond 
the  westerly  point  of  Governor's  Island,  in  our  upward  sweep  to  our  North  River  pier,  the  entire  splendor  of  the 
empire  city  is  spread  before  us  like  a  dream.  There  are  to  be  seen  the  crowd  of  sail  upon  the  rivers,  the  puffing 
and  busy  tugs,  the  numerous  ferry-boats,  "  the  forest  of  masts,"  the  big  ships,  the  mammoth  steamboats.  Trinity 
spire,  looming  up  so  nobly,  the  dome  of  the  City  Hall,  the  well-known  Castle  Garden,  the  crowded  Brooklyn 


View  of  Castle  Garden  and  Battery  Irom  the  Bay 


A'^EW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


shores — all  a  brilliant  and  stirring  pano- 
rama that  few  sights  in  the  world  can 
equal  At  the  extreme  lower  part  of  the 
Inland  IS 

Tffi;  BATTERY, 


,^,^iP°'^l      one   of  the   most   striking  monuments  of 


ji    I  ^^l^Vvit-nt^  ^lli  it^pectability  and  beauty  run  to  wretcb 

l|,l,  MlVWMir  i  ncss   and   squalor,  that   can   be  found 

1~')  -iJjr  ni  m  but  the  oldest  countries.     The  Batt 

'  W\  M-t^  to-day  an  example  of  the  change 


Wh  tehall   S  r 


wretched- 
found  in 
Battery 
langes  a 
1l«  \tirswill  bring.  Without  going  back 
to  the  old  time,  when  it  was  a  great  gi-ass- 
groun  field,  sprinkled  with  windmills,  and 
iinde  homely  with  flocks  and  herds  of  pas- 
tuung  sheep  and  cattle,  men  still  in  their 
pi  imo  can  recollect  it  as  the  favorite  prome- 
n  idt  of  the  wealthiest  and  most  fisbionable 
chsb  of  the  cit_v.  Hither  came,  on  pleasant 
summer  evenings,  the  fathers  and  mothers 
ot  the  generation  of  to-day,  for  health,  the 
fiesh  sea-breeze,  flirtation,  and  enjoyment 
generally.  They,  in  their  unexpanded  thought, 
had  more  faith  in  it  than  thtir  sons  and  daughters  ha%e  in  Cential  Paik  They  believed  its  plain  stone  wall  and 
massive  wooden  railing  were  a  monument  of  enterprise  and  engineering  that  could  never  be  surpassed,  and  they  were 
happy  in  their  simple  feeling,  and  content.  Why,  even  fifteen  years  ago,  there  still  remained  an  oasis  of  attraction 
for  the  votaries  of  art  and  fashion,  which  may  be  regarded  as  the  last  link  connecting  the  tide  that  flowed  up-town 
with  the  extremity  of  the  island.  This  link  was  Castle  Garden.  In  its  own  name  and  that  of  the  ground  whereon 
it  stood,  it  explained  the  military  nature  of  its  origin.  In  times  when  20-inch  Rodmans  were  unknown  and  a 
"  long  32  "  was  regarded  as  the  noblest  work  of  artillerist  genius,  this  unsightly  old  mass  of  circular  masonry-work 
was  the  guardian  sentinel  upon  Manhattan's  bay-girt  shores.  After  Castle  Garden  had  smoothed  its  grim-visaged 
front  of  war,  and  got  rid  of  the  iron  bulldogs  that  grinned  so  menacingly  from  its  embrasures,  it  went  to  the 
other  extreme,  and  gave  itself  up  in  a  reckless  manner  to  the  lascivious  pleasing  of  the  lute.  In  point  of  fact,  it 
became  a  music-hall.  Therein,  after  it  had  gone  through  divers  minor  vicissitudes,  was  triumphantly  introduced 
to  the  American  public  the  incomparable  Jenny  Lind.  Therein  Jullien,  in  November,  1853,  gave  us  the  first  of 
his  marvellous  series  of  monster  popular  concerts.  Even  so  late  as  the  fall  of  1854,  Grisi  and  Mario  and  Susini 
made  its  ancient  walls  echo  to  their  melodious  strains,  and,  for  the  last  time,  brought,  thronging  by  Bowling  Green 
and  the  Washington  Hotel,  long  lines  of  carriages  of  appreciative  throngs  of  upper-tendom.  This  was  Castle 
Garden's  closing  glory.  Within  a  few  months  it  was  transformed  into  an  immigrant  depot,  and  all  its  classic  mem- 
ories blotted  out  forever,  except  as  they  arc  held  green  in  lingering  memories.  From  this  period  forth  the  Bat- 
tery degenerated  with  a  velocity  shocking  to  behold  by  citizens  who  had  known  it  in  its  better  days.  It  became 
a  prey  to  the  speculations  of  ruthless  municipal  officials  and  their  friends,  and  rapidly  sunk  into  the  condition 
of  a  desolate  and  dissipated  waste.  A  well-known  public  character  obtained  a  contract  to  "  fill  in  "  the  space 
between  the  old  line  of  the  Battery  and  the  shoal  just  outside.  He  has  been  filling  it  for  about  twelve  years,  and 
the  work  seems  as  far  from  completion  as  ever.  Instead  of  an  addition  to  the  space  and  beauty  of  the  spot,  it 
has  been  degraded  to  the  level  of  a  colossal  dust-heap  on  one  side  and  mouldering  reminiscence  of  vegetation  on 
the  other.  The  very  trees  have  become  infected  with  the  demoralizing  atmosphere  of  the  place,  and  even  those 
scarcely  arrived  at  maturity  show  signs  of  speedy  dissolution.  The  usefulness  of  the  Castle  Garden  Immigrant 
Depot,  as  a  means  of  shielding  from  extortion  and  violence  the  multitudes  continually  arriving  here  from  other 
countries,  is  the  only  redeeming  feature  of  the  place.  That,  at  least,  is  an  inestimable  benefit  to  the  most  de- 
fenceless portion  of  the  community. 

If  we  pursue  a  methodical  course  in  our  progress  through  the  city,  after  reaching  the  Battery,  the  most  in- 
teresting thoroughfare  will  be  Whitehall,  leading  from  the  South  and  Staten  Island  ferry-stations  along  the  east- 
ern border  of  the  Battery,  and  thence  sweeping  up  the  hill  to  Bowling  Green,  presenting  one  of  the  most  bus- 
tling scenes,  especially  in  respect  to  stage  or  omnibus,  and  not  devoid  of  historical  interest. 

Here,  to  the  left,  where  now  stands  the  Governor's  Island  boat-house,  detachment   after  detachment  of 


A'A'ir  y<)i;K  ilia'stuated. 


Hi-itish  troops  and  marines  were  landed  from  the  ponderous  frigates  wliicli,  in  Revolutionury  times,  controlled 
our  city  and  harbor.  The  red-coats  glittered  proudly  up  this  thoroughfare,  now  presenting  such  an  altered 
aspect,  to  the  infinite  disgust  of  the  old-time  Knickerbockers.  And  there,  as  one  passes  up,  is  a  glimpse  of  the 
white  front  of  Washington's  old  headtniarters,  the  dilapidated  building  intervening,  which  was  occupied  by 
British  ollicers,  and  the  old  building  now  forming  the  hoad((uarters  of  our  Harbor  Police.  The  space  just  back 
of  the  ferry-houses  is  occupied  as  the  lower  termini  of  upward  of  a  dozen  lines  of  stages.  The  passenger  by 
either  the  South  or  Staten  Island  ferry-boats  can  here,  with  scarcely  a  moment's  delay,  take  passage  to  almost  any 
quarter  of  the  upper  part  of  the  island. 

The  Corn  E.\ehange,  located  at  the  upper  end  of  Whilciiall,  was  erected  a  few  years  ago.     It  is  built  of  brick, 
is  a  noble  structure,  and  will  amply  repay  a  visit  of  insiiection. 

Passing  Bowling  Green,  we  pause  for  a  moment  to  reflect  upon 
the  historical  associations  still  lingering  around  its  rusty  railing  and 
dusty  shrubbery.  A  hasty  vision  of  the  metallic  statue  of  George  HI., 
which  at  one  time  occupied  its  centre,  and  which  was  melted  into 
bullets  by  enthusiastic  patriots  in  cocked-hats  and  knee-breeches — of 
the  round  iron  balls  which  once  ornamented  the  top  of  the  railing- 
bars  (your  genuine  New-Yorker  could  not  be  persuaded  by  love 
or  money  to  have  that  mutilated  railing  replaced),  and  which  were 
knocked  off  to  give  the  British  fleet  a  welcome  from  the  cannon's 
throat — a  retrospect  of  these,  and  we  sweep 


Trinity    Church    and    Ma  tyi 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


UP  BROADWAY, 

the  noble  chief  artery  of  the  metropolis,  which  slowly  brightens  and  expands  with  gleaming  marble  and  rich 
brown-stone,  as  we  proceed. 

Trinity  Church,  just  opposite  the  mouth  of  Wall  Street  (the  golden  gate  of  fortunes  made  and  fortunes  lost, 
at  the  turning  of  a  card,  or  the  click,  click  of  the  telegraph-operator's  machine),  is  the  first  object  to  attract  our 
attention  by  its  beauty  and  magnitude. 

All  New-Yorkers  are  proud  of  Trinity  Church.  The  architecture  is  not  the  pure  Gothic — so  rarely  attained 
— but  the  height  of  the  steeple  (two  hundred  and  eighty-four  feet),  and  its  general  architectural  beauty  and  so- 
lidity redeem  it  from  any  slurs  that  may  be  thrown  out  by  hypercritics.  Moreover,  there  is  hardly  any  thing 
pinchbeck  in  the  entire  structure.  It  is  solid  brown-stone,  from  foundation  to  spire,  with  the  exception  of  the 
roof,  which  is  wood.  The  walls  of  the  church  itself  are  fifty  feet  in  height,  and  the  whole  edifice  is  generally 
recognized  as  one  of  the  most  elegant  and  cathedral-like  on  this  continent.  The  graveyard  of  old  Trinity  occu- 
pies nearly  two  acres  of  ground  (or  it  did  so  at  one  time),  and  within  it  are  many  venerated  tombs. 

Stop  before  this  large  but  simple  mausoleum.  The  winds  and  the  rains  of  half  a  century  have  worn  away  a 
portion  of  the  characters,  and  the  thin  moss  which  is  generated  from  our  eastern  mists  has  cast  its  delicate 
greenness  over  the  smooth  marble ;  but,  underneath,  reposes  the  body  of  Alexander  Hamilton,  the  friend  of 
George  Washington,  and  the  victim  of  the  memorable  and  unfortunate  duel  with  Aaron  Burr. 

The  tomb  of  Captain  Lawrence,  the  hero  of  the  "  Chesapeake  " — whose  dying  words,  "  Don't  give  up  the 
ship,"  will  never  perish  from  the  English  tongue — is  close  by  the  main  entrance.  It  is  looked  upon  by  strangers 
in  our  city  with  the  same  interest  that  they  go  to  see  the  weather-worn  slab  enclosing  the  skeleton  of  Benjamin 
FrankUn,  in  Philadelphia. 

The  chief  monument  in  the  graveyard  is  that  erected  to  the  memory  of  the  American  patriots  who  died  in 
British  prisons  while  the  city  was  under  British  rule.  It  is  a  very  simple  shaft  of  brown-stone,  resembling  the 
monumental  crosses  often  found  in  European  cities,  and,  in  purity  of  Gothic  architecture,  surpasses  the  church 
itself. 

Besides  these,  there  are  many  old  gravestones,  even  within  a  few  feet  of  Broadway,  which  are  probably  even 
more  interesting  to  the  strangers,  gazing  through  that  long  line  of  iron  railing,  extending  from  Thames  Street  to 
Rector  Street,  on  the  west  side  of  Broadway.  Here,  for  instance,  we  have,  in  mouldering  brown-stone  lettering, 
tiie  statement  of  the  fact  that  "Susannah  Gregory,  the  spouse  of  Jonas  Gregory,  died  in  the  year  1787  ; "  and, 
just  beneath,  despite  the  earth  which  the  last  rain  has  beaten  up  against  the  lettering,  we  make  out  (but  very 
dimly)  that  the  good-man  Jonas  followed  his  good-wile  Susannah  to  the  eternal  re^t,  ouly  two  years  afterward. 


A'A'ir    YOliK  ILLUSTUM'KD.  7 

"  Thomas  Wilkins,  tlu'  iiilaiil  son  of  Maria  aiul  Tobias  Wilkins,  aged  one  year  three  months,"  made  a  tombstone 
(almost  illegible)  for  liinisclf  in  ITor),  when  our  fathers  were  toasting  King  (Jeorge  III.  nt  their  banquets,  nud 
before  there  was  any  idea  of  making  a  big  teapot  out  of  Boston  Harbor.  Ne.xt  to  this  repose  the  last  "mortal 
relics  "  of  "  (Jeorge  Van  Kriiser,  slain  while  fighting  in  the  War  of  Independenee,  in  the  year  of  our  Lord  1781." 
Two  lines  of  verse  are  under  his  name.  Time  has  efliieed  them,  but  "  (Jeorge"  probably  sleeps  as  soundly  as  if 
thoy  glinted  out  brightly  and  l)roadly  to  every  Broadway  lounger  who  cures  to  iiaust^  and  muse  over  these  tiin'- 
lionorod,  time-stained  monuments  of  the  past. 

The  chimes  of  Old  Trinity  are  surpassed  by  very  few  bells  in  the  world.  On  all  holidays  the  operator  ])o:il  i 
ibrth  the  most  delightfid  music,  his  selections  including  patriotic  as  well  as  religious  airs.  The  chimes  are,  in- 
deed, considered  so  important,  that  their  programme  for  the  next  day  is  usually  reported  in  the  daily  papers. 

Trinity  itself  is  the  oldest  church  in  the  city.  The  first  edifice  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  177(),  and  was  rebuilt 
in  1790.  It  was  afterward  (in  1830)  pulled  down.  The  present  noble  structure  was  finished  and  consecrated 
in  1846. 

The  view  from  the  lookout  in  Trinity  tower  is  the  finest  that  can  be  afJbrded  in  the  city  of  .Vrw  York. 
It  extends  from  the  Highlands  of  New  Jersey  (and,  in  cle;ir  weather,  from  Sandy  Hook),  far  up  into  the 
ralisades,  and  up  among  the  picturesque  islands  that  throng  the  throat  of  Long  Island  Sound.  The  perquisite 
received  by  the  sexton  is  merely  nominal,  and  no  stranger  should  quit  the  metropolis  without  making  this  famous 


the  old  churches  of  Xcw  York  tl 


of  ii  collegiate  charge  was  the  rule.     Trinity  Church 


111  '^!"^^i»i!!!K!yV'' 


lYEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATE!). 


Custom-House. 


sidered  the  parish  church,  and,  thcrelorc,  had  u  colk-giate  charge.  St.  John's,  St.  (ieorge's,  and  St.  Paul's  were 
considered  "  chapels  "  merely. 

Before  passing  from  beneath  the  shadow  of  Old  Trinity,  a  glance  down  Wall  Street,  immediatel.v  opposite, 
through  the  magnificent  public,  insurance,  and  bank  buildings  on  either  side  of  the  bustling  way,  may  readily 
entice  us  to  a  brief  diversion  to  the  east,  and,  in  a  moment,  we  are  on  "  Money  Mall,"  as  it  might  be  called,  with 
no  small  degree  of  appropriateness.  Moving  through  the  numerous  handsome  edifices  which  occupy  the  greater 
portion  of  the  block,  our  attention  is  first  attraetec^  by  the  building  of  the  United  States  Treasury  and  Assay 
Office,  which  lifts  its  lofty  and  columnar  front  of  white  marble  at  the  corner  of  Nassau  and  Wall  Streets. 

It  was  constructed  for,  and  long  used  as,  the  custom-house  of  the  port  of  New  York,  now  removed  to  more 
commodious  quarters  in  the  neighboring  premises,  formerly  known  as  the  Merchants'  Exchange.  The  building  is 
a  handsome  and  imposing  one,  and  would  be  a  tine  specimen  of  the  Doric  order  of  architecture,  had  it  not  been 
disfigured  by  unseemly  accessories  that  mar  the  simphcity  of  the  design.  It  is  two  hundred  feet  long,  eighty 
feet  wide,  and  eighty  feet  high.  The  main  entrance  on  Wall  Street  is  made  by  a  flight  of  eighteen  marble  steps, 
while  on  Pine  Street,  in  the  rear,  the  acclivity  of  the  ground  brings  the  entrance  almost  on  a  level  with  the 
street.  The  old  Federal  Hall  used  to  stand  on  this  same  site,  and  the  spot  is  rendered  classic  from  its  being  that 
whereon  Washington  delivered  his  inaugural  address. 

The  Treasury  Building  forms  the  nucleus  of  as  fine  a  group  of  buildings — on  Wall,  Nassau,  and  Broad  Streets 
— as  can  be  found  in  almost  any  city  of  the  world.  Glancing,  first  down  the  declivity  of  Broad  Street — aptly 
named  from  the  suddenness  with  which  it  widens  as  the  continuation  of  Nassau  below  Wall — we  have  a  view  of 
a  series  of  elegant  buildings  on  either  side  of  the  way,  for  a  block  and  a  half.  Chief  among  these  is  the  hand- 
some edifice  mainly  occupied  by  the  Board  of  Brokers,  on  the  right-hand  side  looking  down.  Then  there  are 
specific  boards  of  all  kinds  of  brokers — stock-brokers,  gold-brokers,  oil-brokers — each  occupying  elegant  offices; 
for  we  are  now  in  the  atmosphere  of  speculation,  which  probably  exercises  as  much  influence  over  the  political, 
financial,  and  even  moral  air  of  the  whole  country,  as  do  the  polar  and  equatorial  winds  in  our  climatic  changes. 
The  "  Erie  Railway  AVar  "  was  started  here,  the  gauntlet  thrown  down  and  accepted,  and  the  impulse  given  to  a 
string  of  recriminations  which  have  crammed  the  pockets  of  lawyers  and  speculators,  depleted  others,  and 
chimed  through  the  process  of  litigation  and  the  columns  of  the  daily  press,  to  the  infinite  weariness  of  readers 
and  the  public  generally.  Bulls  and  bears  have,  time  and  time  again,  tackled  each  other  on  this  memorable 
corner  with  a  tenacity  hardly  equalled  by  any  arena  of  Seville,  or  California  in  the  earlier  and  muscular  days. 
The  scene  presented  by  Broad  Street,  just  below  Wall,  about  the  middle  of  a  day  when  the  fluctuations  in  gold, 
bonds,  or  stocks,  arc  particularly  keen  and  active,  is  a  remarkable  one — crowds  of  well-dressed  men  thronging 


NKW    von  A'  ILLUSTRATED. 


the  sidewalk  and  street,  distressed  and  joyous,  eager  and  apprehensive,  as  the  advance  or  depreciation  of  this  or 
tliat  paper  is  proclaimed  from  the  callers  within — and  its  comparison,  so  often  made,  to  that  of  a  great  gambling 
house,  is  scarcely  an  exaggeration.  On  the  east  side  of  the  street,  almost  immediately  opposite  the  Stock  Exchange, 
is  the  famous  saloon  of  Downing,  long  years  the  oyster-caterer  to  the  financial  stomachs  of  the  vicinity  ;  though 
now  tlie  sable  proprietor  is  himself  a  moilusk  of  the  mysterious  past. 

Without  altering  our  position  materially,  we  can  look  north  from  Wall  Street,  through  Nassau  Street — a  won- 
derfully busy  street — ii  street  noisy  and  full  of  life,  as  it  is  narrow  and  destitute  of  facilities  for  the  incessant 
stream  of  traffic  that  rushes  through  it.  Just  here  is  where  one  sees  the  pressui-e  on  it  most.  The  Nicolson 
liavcmont  is,  with  all  its  faults,  an  immense  improvement  on  the  noisy  Belgian  and  other  experiments  that  have 
been  tried  here.  It  affords  peace  and  t(uiet  to  the  money-changers  in  such  temples  of  finance  as  those  of  Jay 
Ci)oke  &  Co.,  risk  &  Hatch,  Duncan  k  Sherman,  the  Bank  of  Commerce,  and  others  that  line  each  side  of  the 
thoroughfare.  The  vision  can  hardly  roam  so  far  up  as  Printing  House  Square — the  locality  of  type,  press,  and 
printing-ink  for  a  million  or  more  of  readers — with  the  Tribune  building  on  the  right,  the  Timcx  building  and  rear 
of  the  World  establishment  on  the  left,  and  second-hand  book-stores  all  around ;  for  the  Post-office,  on  the  corner 
of  Lil)evty  Street,  with  the  Evening  Post  building  to  the  immediate  left,  virtually  closes  the  view.  Of  the  former 
irregular,  imsightly,  and  uncouth  structure,  moulded  from  a  dilapidated  Dutch  church  to  meet  the  necessities  of, 
at  one  time,  a  not  very  liberal  national  Government,  despite  its  antique  tower  and  historical  associations,  it  is 
better  not  to  give  any  detailed  description.  A  brief  investigation  will  convince  the  most  prejudiced  of  the  need 
of  Xew  York  to  have  a  post-office  more  adequate  to  the  size  and  dignity  of  the  city. 

Continuing  our  Wall  Street  diversion,  with  something  more  than  a  passing  glance  at  the  imposing  front  of  the 
New  York  Bank,  at  the  corner  of  William  Street,  we  soon  find  ourselves  face  to  face  with  the  Custom-House. 
This  building,  at  one  time,  was  known  as  the  Merchants'  Exchange.  Then  it  was  famous  for  the  great  granfte 
l)linths  of  the  columns  that  supi)orted  the  pediment  of  the  front  elevation.  They  should  be  as  famous  still. 
Massive  cylindrical  blocks  such  as  these,  fluted  and  otherwise  cut  from  the  most  unyielding  of  stones,  are  a  tri- 
umph of  masonry.  This  present  Custom-House  occupies  the  irregular  square  between  Wall  Street,  Exchange 
Place,  William  Stjeet,  and  Hanover  Street.  Scarcely  any  thing  but  stone  was  employed  in  its  construction.  Mr. 
Isaiah  Rogers  was  the  architect,  to  whom  the  city  is  indebted  for  this  really  splendid  piece  of  architecture.  It  is 
splendid  because  of  its  insured  stability ;  and  yet,  great  as  its  dimensions  are,  it  only  cost  about  $1,800,000. 
These  dimensions  are  a  depth  of  two  hundred  feet,  a  frontage  of  one  hundred  and  forty-four  feet,  and  a  rear 
breadth  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-one  feet.     Its  height  to  the  toji  of  the  central  dome  is  one  hundred  and 


NJSW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


twenty-four  feet.  Be- 
neath this  dome,  in  the 
interior  of  the  building, 
is  the  Kotunda,  around 
the  sides  of  which  are 
eight  lofty  columns  of  Ital- 
ian marble,  the  superb 
Corinthian  capitals  of 
which  were  carved  in 
Italy.  They  support  the 
base  of  the  dome,  and  are 
probably  the  largest  and 
noblest  marble  columns 
in  the  country.  Here  in 
this  spacious  and  lofty 
apartment  are  gathered 
the  principal  officers  of 
the  Custom-House,  and  a 
busy  crowd  of  merchants 
and  clerks  ceaselessly 
flows  in  and  out  of  its 
ample  doors.  Xo  build- 
ing in  our  city  is  better 
worth  a  visit  from  stran- 


Cedar    Street   and    Broadway. 


gers. 

Tha  fact  that  the 
original  stockholders  in  the  building,  whereof  this  is  the  successor,  lost  every  cent  they  had  invested,  has  never 
interfered  with  the  satisfaction  felt  by  the  present  owners  of  stock  in  the  concern  at  the  profitable  use  thev 
have  made  of  the  later  shares  they  were  fortunate  enough  to  own. 

Returning  to  Broadway,  we  next  pass,  on  the  corner  of  Cedar  Street,  the  new  building  of  the  Equitable  Lii'e 
Assurance  Company,  which,  judging  from  the  character  of  the  structure,  is  evidently  intended  to  last  several 
centuries.  It  may  be  said  safely,  and  without  invidiousness,  that  there  is  no  other  structure  in  Xew  York  so 
!-Oiid  and  substantial.  The  architectural  design  is  not  entirely  pure,  but  is  useful  and  effective.  Doric  is  the 
pattern  of  the  lower  stories,  composite  of  those  immediately  above,  and  the  upper  part  is  finished  in  the  renciis. 
fiance  or  Mansard  roof  style.  What  is  lacking  in  correctness  is  made  up  in  picturesque  boldness  of  scenic  out- 
line, and  few  edifices  on  Broadway  will  be  apt  to  attract  more  attention.  The  entire  building  has  a  frontage  of 
eighty-seven  feet  on  Broadway,  is  one  hundred  and  eighty-seven  feet  deep  on  Cedar  Street,  and  will  be  one  hun- 
dred and  thirty-seven  feet  high. 

With,  most  likely,  some  time  expended  in  considering  the  numerous  new  and  massive  fronts  which  occur  on 
cither  side  in  the  interval,  we  soon  cross  the  site  of  the  unfortunate  Loew  Bridge,  which  name  was  given  to  the 
unsightly  structure  that  not  long  ago  spanned  Broadway  at  the  intersection  of  Fulton  Street,  and  which,  although 
considered  a  nuisance,  afforded  strangers  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  one  of  the  finest  and  busiest  thoroughfares 
in  the  world,  not  to  be  obtained  again  for  some  years  to  come.  It  was  generally  shunned  by  citizens  themselves, 
who  would  rather  brave  the  perils  of  the  roaring  street,  in  among  the  wheels  and  horses'  legs,  than  make  its 
steep  and  laborious  ascent,  but  the  view  from  above  was  one  well  worth  taking.  Looking  down  Battcryward, 
there  were  to  be  seen  the  magnificent  rows  of  elegant  buildings  stretching  on  either  side  of  the  way  from  the 
lower  side  of  Fulton  Street  to  Bowling  Green,  whose  ancient  fountain  (we  may  call  it  so  in  this  country)  is  just 
seen  peeping  up  above  the  decline  of  the  grand  artery  as  it  sweeps  down  to  the  Battery,  with  one  current  to  the 
right,  and  closing  at  the  old  "  Washington  Headquarters,"  whose  uppermost  white  story  just  glimmers  above  the 
hill ;  and  the  other  side  of  the  tide  sweeping  toward  South  Ferry,  with  a  hundred  stages  and  a  dozen  express- 
wagons  navigating  the  difficult  passages  of  the  street. 

Turn  to  the  other  side  of  the  departed  bridge,  and  the  scene  is  even  more  diversified  and  tumultuous.  On 
the  left  is  old  St.  Paul's,  with  its  graveyard  containing  tombstones  bearing  dates  as  old  as  those  in  the  grounds 
of  Old  Trinity,  further  down  ;  and  on  the  right  the  Herald  Building,  and  the  splendid  structure  recently  erected 
by  the  Park  Bank. 

The  incidents  connected  with  the  erection  of  the  former  building  are  well  known  and  interesting.  The  iu- 
ccption  of  the  new  Herald  Building  was  coincident  with  the  destruction,  by  fire,  of  Barnum's  famous  Museum  in 


NEW    YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


ilu!  siimiiior  nf  I8ti5.  It  created  great  excitement  at  the  time.  According  to  the  imaginative  reports  of  the  daily 
press — csi)C'ci:illy  the  one  proceeding  from  the  Tribune — the  stufl'ed  wild  beasts,  dried  alligators,  preserved  whales, 
and  other  inert  specimens  of  natural  history,  were  made  to  play  a  most  extraordinary  part  for  the  amusement  of 
the  readers  of  the  land,  and,  in  some  cases,  we  are  sorry  to  state,  for  their  deception.  The  result  of  the  fire  was  tlic 
purchase  of  tlie  ground  by  Mr.  Uennett  from  Mr.  Harnuni,  in  which  occurred  a  singular  misunderstanding  between 
the  parties,  leading  to  an  estrangement  which  afterward  provoked  the  famous  rupture  between  the  proprietor  of 
the  JItrald  and  the  theatrical  managers,  now  happily  terminated. 

The  Park  Bank — the  next  building  southward — is  one  of  the  most  showy,  if  not  the  finest  in  an  architectural 
point  of  view,  in  the  city  of  New  York.  It  has  been  erected  at  an  immense  expense,  and  is  one  of  the  most  at- 
tractive features  of  Broadway.  At  all  times  crowds  of  people  pause  by  the  railing  of  St.  Paul's,  to  stare  up  at 
its  elaborate  and  ^nassive  marble  front,  its  colossal  figures,  and  its  columns  and  pediments.  It  is  likely  for  a  long 
time  to  rank  as  an  architectural  boast  of  the  metropolis. 

The  Astor  House  on  the  left,  glancing  northward,  is  also  of  interest.  In  addition  to  its  being  one  of  the  first- 
class  hotels  of  the  city,  it  has  long  been  the  favorite  resort  of  army  and  navy  men.  Grant,  Hooker,  Farragut, 
Porter,  and  many  of  the  rest  who  have  recently  placed  their  names  high  upon  the  muster-roll  of  fame,  were  wont 
to  make  this  their  favorite  hotel  when  visiting  the  metropolis  ;  and  it  formerly  was  the  scene  of  more  distin- 
guished "  receptions  "  and  entertainments  than  any  other  establishment  of  the  kind  in  New  York. 

Our  artist,  in  the  scone  delineated,  has  chosen  probably  the  most  animated  portion  of  Broadway.  The  new 
Herald  and  Park  Bank  buildings  as  central  objects  ;  St.  Paul's,  in  dark  relief,  to  the  right ;  the  multitude  of  ve- 
hicles jostling  their  crowded  way  up  and  down  the  street ;  the  wayfarers  eagerly  waiting  for  their  opportunity  to 
pass,  without  peril,  through  the  press — the  picture  will  be  readily  recognized  and  appreciated. 

Crossing  the  lower  end  of  Park  Row  at  this  point,  which,  from  the  fact  of  its  forming  the  chief  termini  of 
the  larger  number  of  street-railroads  in  the  city,  presents  a  most  animated  scene  at  almost  all  hours,  we  skirt  the 
lower  end  of  the  Park — very  likely,  at  some  day,  destined  to  be  the  site  of  our  much-needed  "and  long-prayed-foi- 


NEW   YORK  ILLV&TRATEB. 


ity    Hall    and    New    Court  House 


new  post-ofBce — we  proceed  up  Broadway,  and  from,  say  the  corner  of  Warren  Street,  obtain  an  excellent  view 
of  the  City  Hall,  with  the  side  and  rear  of  the  new  Court-House,  immediately  behind. 

The  former  has  so  long  been  the  chief  public  edifice  of  the  city  as  to  require  but  brief  mention  in  print.  Despite 
the  ignominy  which  may  have  shadowed  its  white  walls  from  the  deeds  enacted  by  the  "rings"  within,  despite  even 
the  brown-stone,  brol^en-nosed  caricature  of  Washington  which  stares  idiotically  at  the  palatial  front,  the  City 
Hall  still  remains,  architecturally,  one  of  our  noblest  edifices,  with  the  finest  tower-clock  in  the  country,  and  the 
image  of  Justice  beaming  serene  sarcasm  from  the  summit  of  the  cupola. 

The  Court-House,  however,  now  in  a  state  of  incoiupletion,  immediately  behind,  and  fronting  on  Chambers 
Street,  deserves  a  more  extended  notice.  Thig  magnificent  and  extensive  structure  has  been  in  the  course  of 
erection  for  the  past  seven  years  and  a  half.  And,  whatever  may  be  said  of  the  stupendous  (perchance  unneces- 
sary) cost  of  erecting  the  building,  the  full  extent  of  which  cannot  yet  be  fully  estimated,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  the  materials  used,  the  architectural  merits,  and  the  work  already  accomplished,  arc  of  the  first  quality,  and 
deserving  of  admiration. 

The  building  is  constructed  of  East  Chester  and  Massachusetts  white  marble,  with  iron  beams  and  supports, 
iron  staircases,  outside  iron  doors,  solid  black-walnut  doors  (on  the  inside),  and  marble  tiling  on  every  hall-floor 
of  the  building,  laid  upon  iron  beams,  concreted  over,  and  bricked  up.  With  a  basis  of  concrete,  Georgia-pine, 
over  yellow-pine,  is  used  for  the  flooring  of  the  apartments.  The  iron  supports  and  beams  are  of  immense 
strength — some  of  the  girders  crossing  the  rooms  weighing  over  fifty  thousand  pounds. 

The  pervading  order  of  architecture  is  Corinthian,  but,  although  excellent,  the  building  cannot  be  said  to  be 
purely  Corinthian.  An  additional  depth  of,  say  thirty  feet,  would  have  prevented  a  cramping  of  the  windows  on 
the  sides,  which  now  necessarily  exists,  and  have  added  power  and  comprehension  to  the  structure  as  an  en- 
tirety ;  but  the  general  effect  is  grand  and  striking  in  the  extreme.  The  building  is  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet 
long,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  wide.  From  the  base-course  to  the  top  of  the  pediment  the  height  is  ninety- 
seven  feet,  and  to  the  top  of  the  dome,  not  yet  erected,  two  hundred  and  twenty-five  feet.  From  the  sidewalk 
to  the  top  of  the  pediment  measures  eighty-two  feet ;  to  the  top  of  the  dome  two  hundred  and  ten  feet.     AVhtu 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


18 


lompletod,  the  building  will  bo  surmounted  by  a  largo  dome,  giving  a  general  resemblanuo  to  the  main  portion 
of  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  The  dome,  viewed  IVom  the  rear,  as  given  in  our  illustration,  appears  sometliing 
lioiivy  and  cumbrous  for  the  general  character  of  the  structure  which  it  crowns ;  but  a  front  view,  from  Cham- 
bers Street,  when  the  eye,  in  il^  upward  sweep,  takes  in  the  broad  flight  of  steps,  the  grand  columns,  and  the 
{general  robustness  of  the  main  entrance,  dissipates  tiiis  idea,  and  attaches  grace  and  integrity  to  the  whole. 

One  of  the  most  novel  features  of  the  dome  will  be  the  anungenient  of  the  tower,  crowning  its  apex,  into  a 
light-house,  whicli,  from  its  extreme  power  and  height,  it  is  supposed,  will  furnish  guidance  to  vessels  as  far  out 
at  si'a  as  that  allbrded  by  any  beacon  on  the  neighboring  coast.  This  is  the  suggestion  of  the  architect,  Jlr.  Kei- 
lum,  but,  wliether  or  not  it  will  be  carried  out  in  the  execution  of  the  design,  Mr.  Tucker,  the  superintendent  of 
the  work,  is  unable  to  say. 

The  interior  of  the  edifice  is  equally  elaborate  and  complete,  and  several  of  the  apartments  are  now  occupied 
by  the  County  Clerk,  the  Supreme  Court,  and  as  other  offices.  The  portico  and  stoop,  now  being  completed,  on 
Chambers  Street,  will,  it  is  said,  be  the  finest  piece  of  work  of  the  kind  in  America. 

It  would  be  useless  to  attempt,  in  the  present  limited  space,  any  thing  like  nieutiou  in  detail  of  tlie  grand  and 
imposing  fronts  which  occur  almost  uninterruptedly  on  either  side  of  the  brilliant  Broadway,  but,  as  wc  proceed 
nortliward  from  Chambers  Street,  we  are  attracted  by  the  New  York  Hospital— an  interesting  landmark,  only  re- 
eently  demolished  and  superseded  by  new  buildings — yet  forming  a  prominent  feature  between  Duane  and  Wortii 
Streets,  mainly  on  account  of  the  broad,  green  avenue,  planted  with  a  double  row  of  trees,  by  which  it  is  ap- 
proached from  the  street. 

The  main  building  is  of  rough  gray  stone,  one  hundred  and  twenty-four  feet  long,  including  its  two  wings, 
and  fifty  feet  deep.  It  was  founded,  in  1771,  by  the  Earl  of  Dunmore,  who  was  at  that  time  governor  of  the 
colony,  and  numerous  additions  have  since  been  made  to  it.  Its  accommodations  are  not  altogether  gratuitous; 
l)ut  the  payment  of  four  dollars  per  week  secures  the  best  nursing  and  medical  attendance.  It  possesses  a 
theatre  for  surgical  operations,  a  marine  department,  a  separate  department  for  the  treatment  of  contagious  dis- 
eases, and  the  different  wards  and  apartments  are  fitted  up  in  excellent  style  for  the  accommodation  of  patients. 
The  average  number  of  patients  admitted  annually  is  about  three  thousand  two  hundred. 

Situated  as  it  is  in  tlie  most  bustling  portion  of  the  city,  this  hospital  receives  more,  casual  patients  than  any 
other.     Women  and  children  run  over  in  the  press  of  the  street,  laborers  injured  while  employed  in  the  new 


Nev     Yor<    Hosp  t 


?rEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


't?S3^fc   '^Pr^ 


i'ajMi|ii:Mi 


Life    Insurance    Company  s   Building 


-d    Lecrard    Street 


buildings  goiug  up  in  the  vicinity,  warehouse  porters  bruised  or  sprained  while  handling  packages  and  casks,  and 
others,  invariably  obtain  an  asylum  here,  and  receive  the  best  medical  and  surgical  attendance. 

It  is  rather  provoking  to  think  that  this  fresh,  green  gap  in  the  windowed  walls  of  Broadway  must  soon  be 
closed  up  forever,  but  it  is  useless  to  resist  the  "  march  of  improvement,"  as  the  stern  demands  of  the  money- 
maker are  wont  to  be  termed,  and  this  important  benevolent  institution  must  be  removed  to  the  upper  portion 
of  the  city. 

The  finest  edifice  we  next  encounter  is  that  of  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company.  This  splendid  build- 
ing, now  in  the  course  of  erection  on  Broadway,  between  Leonard  Street  and  Catherine  Lane,  is  perhaps  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  structures  ever  reared  by  private  enterprise  in  this  country.  The  property  belonged  to  Messrs. 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  and,  while  it  was  still  in  flames,  an  ofiicer  of  the  Xew  York  Life  Insurance  Company  secured 
a  refusal  of  the  site  for  the  erection  of  the  present  noble  edifice. 

In  the  competition  instituted  among  a  number  of  prominent  architects,  the  plan  of  Mr.  Griffith  Thomas  was 
selected  as  the  best,  and  the  new  work  was  immediately  entered  upon.  An  additional  lot  in  the  rear  was  pur- 
chased, thus  making  the  whole  property  about  sixty  by  one  hundred  and  ninet3--six  feet.  The  exterior  of  the 
building  will  be  very  imposing.  It  will  be  of  pure  white  marble,  in  the  Ionic  order  of  architecture ;  the  design 
having  been  suggested  by  the  Temple  of  the  Erectheus  at  Athens.  The  chief  entrance  will  be  highly  orna- 
mented, and  the  entire  cost  will  be  about  one  million  dollars. 

A  brief  digression  down  Leonard  Street,  eastward  from  this  point,  will  enable  us  to  have  a  view  of  the 
Tombs.  It  has  not  been  recorded  who  first  gave  the  "  Halls  of  Justice  "  its  original  title,  the  expressive  name 
which  it  bears  to-day ;  but  infractors  of  the  laws,  who  are  sent  to  stay  there  are,  undoubtedly,  for  the  term  of 
their  confinement,  virtually  buried.  They  are  dead  to  the  world,  so  long  as  they  remain  there  ;  and  is  there  not, 
cast  over  them  all,  the  shadow  of  that  hideous  emblem  of  the  grim  destroyer — the  gallows  ?  Those  who  have 
never  visited  the  various,  departments  of  the  Tombs,  can  have  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  depravity  of  human  nature, 
or  the  wonderful  process  of  "  case-hardening  "  through  which  a  statistical  average  of  the  community  seem  in- 
evitably to  go.  Of  course,  there  are  always  prisoners  within  its  fastnesses  who  command  a  share  of  sympathy  ; 
some  of  whom  are  really  innocent,  and  have  no  business  there  at  all,  and  others  under  sentence  for  a  first  ofl'ence 
— but  the  majority  are  more  wicked  than  the  reputable  orders  of  society  can  well  imagine,  and  really  seldom 
meet  with  one  tithe  of  the  punishment  they  deserve.  Every  one  who  has  seen  the  Tombs  knows  what  a  parody 
upon  a  Memphian  or  Theban  temple  it  appears.  The  waste  of  space  in  its  construction  is  a  marvel  of  misdi- 
rected architectural  skill ;  yet  there  is  a  certain  individuality  about  its  heavy,  squat,  and  general  solid  charactof 
that  commands  attention ;  while  the  elevation  on  Centre  Street,  with  its  overwhelming  portico  and  pediment,  and 
depressing  area  of  dismal  quadrangle,  is  a  masterpiece  of  what  genius  may  accomplish  in  the  way  of  gratuitous 
gloom.  Crime  comes  to  preliminary  judgment  here  in  a  room  on  the  right-hand  side  as  you  enter.  This  is  the 
Tombs  Police  Court,  where,  as  early  as  six  or  seven  o'clock  each  morning,  a  district  justice  tak"S  his  sc.it   upon 


XEW    YOliK   ILLUSTRATKT). 


tlic  bench  to  hear  what  cliarges  may  bo  brought  before  him,  and  decide  what  shall  be  done  with  the  prisoners. 
In  luiuor  casea,  such  lis  drunkenness,  disorderly  conduct,  or  vagrancy,  this  magistrate  can  order  summary  fine, 
coiiiiiiitmiMit,  or  discharge,  at  his  discretioii.  Commitments  arc  made  to  the  jurisdiction  of  several  higher  courts, 
but  the  only  one  of  these  in  the  Tombs  building  is  the  Court  of  Special  Sessions.  Two  justices  are  supposed  to 
sit  to"ethcr  there,  and  they  have  to  deal  with  such  matters  as  petty  larceny,  assault  and  battery,  and  certain 
forms  of  common  misdemeanor.  Every  Tuesday,  Thursday,  and  Saturday,  they  strive  to  be  a  terror  to  evil-doers 
and  a  praise  to  tliom  that  do  well.  As  a  general  thing,  e-xperienco  has  rendered  them  amazingly  successful  in 
this  endeavor.  They  have  known  the  dangerous  classes  so  long  and  intimately,  as  to  enable  them,  e.\eept  when 
inUueneed  by  political  interest,  to  be  eminently  discerning  and  impartial.  A  great  many  culprits  go  from  this 
court  to  the  cells  in  the  interior  of  the  Tombs.  More,  however,  come  there  from  the  Court  of  General  Sessions 
and  the  criminal  side  of  the  higlier  courts.  The  interior  arrangements  of  the  jail  proper  do  not  materially  diller 
from  those  usually  found  in  institutions  of  the  kind,  though  many  improvements  might  be  made  in  the  accom- 
modations, especially  in  the  matter  of  ventilation.  The  lack  ^of  room  necessitates  the  crowding  of  prisoners  to- 
gether, a  practice  which  does  not  work  favorably  on  the  morals  of  the  less  vicious.  There  are  eleven  cells  of 
special  strength  and  security,  in  which  ai-e  convicts  sentenced  to  death,  or  a  life  worse  than  death  in  the  State 
Prison ;  six  others,  wherein  are  locked  up 
those  guilty  of  less  heinous  crimes  ;  and  six 
more,  used  for  hospital  purposes.     There  are 

sixty  more  cells  on  the  two  upper  tiers,  for  ^  g.^_:  ^^  - 

those  convicted  of  various  degrees  of  felony. 
These  are  on  the  male  side.-  On  the  female 
side  are  twenty-two  cells,  and  one-half  of 
these  are  used  as  temporary  receptacles  of 
such  cases  as  go  no  farther  than  the  Police 
Court  or  Special  Sessions.  Each  prisoner 
costs  the  county  an  average  of  about  thirty 
cents  a  day  for  his  board.  The  inner  quad- 
rangle, formed  by  the  series  of  cellular  struc- 
tures, is  where  the  last  penalty  of  the  law  is 
put  in  execution.  Except  at  the  moment 
when  that  penalty  is  enforced,  there  is  notli- 
ing  impressive  or  remarkable  in  its  appear- 
ance. Still,  any  one  acquainted  with  the  as- 
sociations belonging  to  its  sombre  monotony 
of  gray  stone  walls  and  narrow  gratings, 
feels  a  vague,  disagreeable  sense  of  awe  as 
he  hears  liis  own  footsteps  echo  in  hollow  re- 
verberation from  its  corners. 

Returning  to  Broadway  and  our  upward 
march,  we  cross  Canal  Street.  It  is  a  broad,  spacious  thoroughfare  now,  though  once  the  course  of  a  miserable 
gully  with  running  water,  which  was  bridged  at  this  point.  Notwithstanding  the  improvements  which  have  almost 
utterly  cffiiced  the  appearance  of  the  past,  a  few  old  buildings  remain — Mealio's  hat-store,  on  the  southeast 
corner  of  Canal  and  Broadway,  and  two  or  three  others,  above  and  below — to  remind  us  of  the  time  when  we 
crossed  the  gully  on  the  long-departed  bridge.  . 

Lord  &  Taylor's  palatial  establishment  of  white  marble  and  splendid  entrance,  on  the  corned  of  Grand  Street, 
next  attracts  the  view  with  the  stream  of  beauty  and  fashion  flowing  through  its  portals  ;  and  then,  after  pausing 
most  likely  before  the  windows  of  the  Haughwout  establishment,  on  the  northeast  corner  of  Broome  Street,  we 
are  in  front  of  the  lordly  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  whence  our  artist  has  taken  one  of  the  most  striking  and  fashionable 
views  that  can  be  obtained  on  Broadway,  looking  north. 

The  vista  is  a  long,  and,  in  its  way,  a  strikingly  picturesque  one.  Taking  the  splendid  facade  of  the  St.  Nicho- 
las Hotel  itself  as  a  starting-point,  the  eye  gathers  in  on  either  side  a  range  of  business  palaces  that  are  not 
equalled  for  display  in  any  other  city  of  the  world.  The  tall  and  graceful  spire  of  Grace  Church  closes  the  view, 
for,  at  that  point,  Broadway  makes  the  bend  due  north  which  leads  it  to  the  Harlem  drives.  Marble  and  brown- 
stone  variegate  the  tints  that  meet  the  eye  with  charming  contrast,  and  the  gradations  of  color  thus  given, 
lighted  by  clear  sunlight,  become  an  actual  presentment  of  effects  for  which  the  imagination  of  the  artist  might 
dream  in  vain.  The  actuality  of  incessant  bustle,  and  even  some  idea  of  the  accompanying  buzz  and  roar,  are 
conveyed  in  the  picture  of  the  scene  herewith  presented.     The  tide  of  stage  and  hack  traffic ;  the  episodal  gleams 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


of  brilliant  private  equipages ;  the  gay  throngs  of  promenaders — all  appear  as  if  fresh  from  a  sketch  of  one 
who  could  be  both  close  and  comprehensive  in  an  effort  at  conscientious  observation.  A  walk  on  Broadway  has 
always  been  a  perennial  pleasure  to  the  men  and  women  of  New  York,  and  a  great  delight  to  strangers.  It  is 
related  that  Charles  Dickens,  when  he  first  visited  this  country,  would  spend  hours  at  his  window  at  the  hotel, 
watching  the  ever-changing  tide  of  equipages  and  pedestrians.  Thackeray,  when  here,  also  keenly  appreciated 
the  stir  and  bustle  of  this  brilliant  promenade,  and  was  never  tired  of  walking  its  pavements,  and  watching,  with 
liis  keen,  searching  eye  the  ceaseless  procession  of  human  faces.  He  always  pronounced  it  the  finest  street  m 
the  world.  "  Let  us  walk  down  Fleet  Street,  sir,"  old  Dr.  Johnson  was  wont  to  say,  when  seeking  relaxatio;; 
irom  his  literary  labors,  or  an  escape  from  his  melancholy.     How  the  old  city-loving  doctor,  with  his  fondness 

. j-r-  =-,    for  busy  highways,  and  his  hatred  of  the  solitudes  of  the 

country,  would  have  delighted  in  such  a  street  as   Broad- 
^'  V  j    "  'X  •     '^o  ^  m'lii  of  his  temperament,  it  would  aftbrd  an  end- 

less means  of  pleasure. 

There  are  other  streets  in  Xew  York  that  have  as  fine 
!  ;:liiings,  and  in  general  symmetry  of  effect  are  even 
iiandsomer.  There  are  also  as  handsome  shops  in  other 
cities.  For  short  distances.  Chestnut  Street,  Philadelphia, 
\\  ashington  Street,  Boston,  and  Lake  Street,  Chicago,  al- 
luost  rival   Broadway  in  animation   and  gayrty.      But   the 


f 


m 


oadway    look  ng  North  Irom  the   St   Nichols 


JVmV   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


handsome  architecture  of  nroadway,  and  its  bustle  and  life,  extend  for  over  three  miles,  and  this  is  its  supe- 
riority.  There  is  continual  change,  and  yet  unbroken  continuity  of  efTect.  After  crossing  Canal  Street,  one 
comes  among  the  retailers,  with  their  gay  shop-windows,  and  the  big  hotels,  the  theatres,  and  an  infinite  variety 
of  indescribabilities  ;  and  now  there  is  more  elegance  on  the  sidewalks.  Well-dressed  idlers  begin  to  abound. 
Ladies  are  more  frequent,  and  their  handsome  toilets  give  relief  to  the  tide  of  dark-coated  men.  As  you  ascend, 
the  shops  get  handsomer  ;  and,  by  the  time  you  reach  Tenth  Street,  you  find  an  utter  change  in  all  the  aspects 
of  the  street.  This  point  is  the  ladies'  shopping-ground.  Carriages  are  in  possession  of  the  roadway,  and 
throngs  of  women  in  elegant  costumes  Hock  in  and  out  of  the  shops.  The  scene  is  one  of  the  brightest  and 
gayest  conceivable. 

Among  the  other  prominent  business  houses  well  worthy  of  notice,  as  wo  proceed  up  Broadway,  maybe  men- 
tioned Tiffany's  liandsome  jewelry  establishment,  on  the  east  side,  between  Spring  and  Prince  Streets,  and  that 
of  Messrs.  Ball  &  Black,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Broadway  and  Prince  Street.  The  former  is  still  patronized 
by  a  large  portion  of  the  representatives  of  metropolitan  wealth,  beauty,  and  fashion,  and  is  distinguished  by  the 
large  clock — an  excellent  time-keeper — set  in  the  wall  immediately  over  the  entrance,  for  the  benefit  of  the  public. 

The  building  of  Ball  &  Black  is  of  white  marble,  and,  with  its  fine  porticoed  entrance  and  judicious  yet 
simple  decoration,  is  one  of  the  most  chaste  and  beautiful  business  buildings  in  Xew  York.  The  arrangements 
within,  including  the  cases,  counters,  and  rich  cabinets,  are  also  unexceptionable  in  taste  and  refinement. 

Stewart's  new  building  on  the  corner  of  Tenth  Street— the  largest  store  in  the  world,  and,  in  point  of  magni- 
tude, the  most  imposing  on  Broadway — cannot  but  rivet  the  gaze,  as  we  reach  that  point  of  the  general  thorough- 
fare ;  though  an  idea  of  the  actual  immensity  of  this  palace  of  trade  can  best  be  obtained  by  stepping  aside  and 
viewing  it  from  the  northeast  corner  of  J'ourth  Avenue  and  Tenth  Street.  Grand  and  extensive  as  is  the  outside, 
a  thorough  and  satisfactory  investigation  of  the  interior  would  occupy  a  number  of  days. 

Grace  Church,  which  most  gracefully  lifts  its  decorated  whiteness  and  slender  spire  above  the  gayety  and 
worldlincss  of  Broadway,  a  block  farther  up,  is  the  next  point  of  interest,  and  marks  the  spot  where  Broadway 
makes  its  sharp  curve  to  the  left.  The  architecture,  together  with  that  of  the  adjoining  rectory,  is  light 
and  pleasing;  but  the  first  impression  is  somewhat 


weakened  upon  learning  that  the  tapering  spire  is  a 
sham— being  made  of  wood,  instead  of  stone.  The 
decorations  of  the  interior  are  rather  gaudy  than 
nificent,  but  are  probablv  mostly  in  keeping  with  the 
tastes  and  inclinations  of  the  glittering  throngs  who, 
on  fine  Sundays,  are  proud  and  rejoiced  to  meet  for  wor- 
ship in  what  has  long  been  considered  "  the  most  fash- 
ionable church  in  New  York." 

After  considering  the  towering  and  extensive  white- 


Grace  Church,  corner  of  Tenth  Street  and  Broadway 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Union  Square. 


marble  building  just  purchased  by  the  Methodist  Book  Concern,  on  the  corner  of  Twelfth  Street,  with  a  glance, 
perchance,  at  the  homely  terra-cotta-looking  Wallack's  Theatre,  one  block  farther  up,  we  approach  the  cheerful 
and  spacious  opening  of  Union  Square. 

This  handsome  oval  of  greenery,  extending  from  Fourteenth  to  Seventeenth  Street,  may  be  considered  as  the 
branching  off  from  Broadway  to  the  residences  and  resorts  of  the  elite  of  the  metropolis. 

The  green  itself,  with  a  fine  fountain  in  the  centre,  and  provided  with  excellent  shrubbery  and  trees,  is  in 
itself  a  most  airy  and  interesting  spot.  Its  walks  are  daily  thronged  by  street-passengers  desiring  to  make  a 
short  cut  to  the  continuation  of  Broadway  at  Seventeenth  Street,  and,  in  the  early  mornings  and  evenings,  by 
ladies  and  gentlemen  of  the  neighborhood,  and  nurse-girls,  with  their  charges  in  hand.  Among  the  novelties  to 
which  the  attention  of  the  stranger  in  the  metropolis  may  be  directed,  should  be  mentioned  the  sparrow-kingdom 
which  has  been  founded  and  established  in  the  green.  A  small  colony  of  these  useful,  worm-destroying  birds 
came  here  from  London  only  three  years  ago ;  and  now  the  squares  and  parks  of  Kew  York  are  their  dominions, 
with  Union  Square  as  their  headquarters,  or  the  capital  city  of  the  domain.  Here,  with  all  the  elaboration  of 
Oriental  art  in  miniature,  is  to  be  seen  the  "  Sparrows'  Chinese  Pagoda  "  (it  is  a  good  thing,  however,  that 
sparrows  have  no  architectural  taste  beyond  uest-building),  and,  contiguous,  are  the  "  Sparrows'  Doctor-shop," 
the  "  Sparrows'  Station-house,"  the  "  Sparrows'  Restaurant,"  etc.,  with  any  number  of  the  beautiful  little  birds 
themselves  skipping  and  flitting  about,  generally  in  the  utmost  harmony,  and  singularly  tame,  though  now 
and  then  a  battle  takes  place  between  a  couple  of  feathered  organizations  on  the  grass,  attracting  throngs  of 
spectators. 

At  the  south  end  of  the  square,  just  to  the  right  of  Broadway,  is  Brown's  colossal  statue  of  Washington. 
It  is  a  bronze  equestrian  figure,  placed  upon  a  plain  granite  pedestal.  The  figure  is  fourteen  and  a  half  feet,  and 
the  entire  monument,  including  the  pedestal,  twenty-nine  feet,  high.  Despite  the  carping  of  critics,  the  statue  is 
generally  and  deservedly  admired.  The  horse  is  made  subservient  to  the  rider — a  rare  achievement  in  the  design 
of  an  equestrian  statue — the  majestic  presence  of  Washington  being  the  first  object  to  catch  and  rivet  the  gaze, 
while  the  true  proportions  and  fine  attitude  of  the  steed  complete  the  inspiring  effect. 

Looking  along  Fourteenth  Street,  eastward  from  the  Statue,  we  have  a  view  of  Messrs.  Steinway  &  Sons' 
building — a  chaste  and  elegant  edifice  of  pure  white  marble,  including  the  piano-forte  warerooms  of  the  firm,  and 
the  grand  music-hall,  which  was  constructed  upon  a  careful  study  of  the  science  of  acoustics,  and  is  now  pro- 
nounced one  of  the  finest  halls  in  this  respect  in  the  country. 

On  the  same  side  of  the  street,  at  the  corner  of  Irving  Place,  is  the  Academy  of  Music.  Externally,  it 
differs  little  from  the  institution  as  it  looked  previous  to  the  conflagration  which  destroyed  the  interior  three  or 
four  years  ago.     The  Grand  Opera-House  and  the  French  Theatre,  with  their  novel  attractions  of  the  Opera 


iVA'IF    >Y>A7v'   ILLURTRATET). 


lloulfi;  li;ivo  (lotraotcd  something  from  tlio  prestige  of  Uio  Academy— once  so  supreme!— but  it  still  appears  the 
iiiitural  llohl  for  the  Itiilian  Opera,  and  tiic  voices  of  our  noblest  singers  still,  occasionally,  reechoes  amid  the 
walls  they  must  ever  hallow. 

The  handsome  white,  marblc-fiiced  building  beyond  the  Academy  is  Tammany  Hall.  It  is  a  noble  building 
architecturally,  was  the  centre  of  a  wild  and  stirring  scene  during  the  session  of  the  Democratic  Convention 
which  was  held  within  its  walls  last  summer,  and  is  now  occupied  by  Bryant's  Negro  Minstrels,  and  us  a  sort  of 
theatrical  hodge-podge  of  pantomime,  ballet,  gymnastics,  and  Turkish  restaurant.  We  believe  that  this  is  not 
the  first  political  temple  of  the  metropolis  which  has  suffered  a  transformation  of  the  kind,  and  iu  nearly  every 
case  the'  change  has  been  for  the  better,  in  a  pecuniary  sense. 

Almost  immediately  opposite  the  Academy,  is  the  Chapel  of  Grace  Church — a  rather  dingv-looking  edifice  for 
a  new  building;  and  inmiediately  adjoining  it  is  the  iron  tent  of  the  Hippodrome,  whose  circular  interior  is,  at 
intervals,  the  scene  of  the  bare-back  triumphs  of  Stickney,  Robinson,  and  Eaton  Stone,  with  other  dashing  eques- 
trian feats,  as  this  or  that  cir- 
cus comi)any  effect  the  lease 
of  the  building. 

Without  materially  chang- 
ing our  position,  and  looking 
westward  from  the  Statue,  the 
eye  roams  eagerly  along  Four- 
teenth Street,  scarcely  second 
to  Fifth  Avenue  itself  in  point 
of  aristocratic  elegance,  with 
power  to  distinguish  individual 
buildings  almost  as  far  as  the 
Theatre  Frangais,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  street,  west  of  Sixth 
Avenue. 

Surrounding  Union  Square, 
is  a  circle  of  elegant  and  select 
hotels,  restaurants,  stores,  and 
mansions.  The  famous  Maisoii 
Boree  stood,  but  a  short  time 
ago,  facing  the  lower  end  ;  Del- 
monico's  upper  establishment,  at 
the  corner  of  Fourteenth  Street 
and  Fifth  Avenue,  is  within  a 
stone's  throw  ;  and  the  Everett 
House  and  the  Clarendon  are 
both  in  view  from  the  northern 
extremity.  Facing  the  western 
side  of  the  square,  a  new  build- 
ing is  erecting  for  Messrs.  Tif- 
fany &  Co.,  occupying  the  site 

originally  covered  by  Dr.  Cheever's  Church  of  the  Puritans. 
the  cit)'. 

Union  Square  may  be  considered  as  the  virtual  termination  of  Broadway  proper,  which  nevertheless  preserves 
its  arterial  character,  through  rows  of  imposing  buildings,  to  the  intersection  of  Fifth  Avenue,  at  Madison  Square, 
and  even  as  far  as  Thirty-fourth  Street.  And  there  are  enough  new  and  elegant  structures  on  either  side  of  the 
way  to  tempt  the  pedestrian  to  continue  his  stroll.  Prominent  among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  colossal 
white-marble  business  structure  on  the  left-hand  side — second  only  to  Stewart's  in  the  space  of  ground  covered — 
a  portion  of  which  has  recently  been  occupied  by  Messrs.  Arnold,  Constable  &  Co. ;  a  grand  new  hotel,  also  of 
white  marble,  on  the  right-hand  side  of  Broadway,  just  below  Thirty-second  Street,  and  a  number  of  others. 
And  before  quitting  the  vicinity  cf  Union  Square,  where  we  are  tempted  to  linger  for  hours,  it  will  repay  the 
trouble  to  make  a  brief  digressioi.  along  Sixteenth  Street,  to  the  east,  in  order  to  obtain  a  view  of  St.  George's 
Church. 

This  noble  and  elegant  edifice,  sitiiated  on  the  comer  of  East  Sixteenth  Street  and  Rutherford  Place,  is  capable 
of  holding  a  larger  congregation  than  any  other  ecclesiastical  structure  in  the  city  of  New  York.     It  is  built  of 


St    George  s   Church 


of   Sixteenth    Street  and  Rutherford  Place. 


The  building  promises  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


solid  brown-stone,  is  of  the  purest  Komanesque,  or  Byzantine,  order  of  architecture,  and,  with  its  two  lofty 
towers  looking  to  the  east,  and  immense  depth  and  height  of  wall,  is  certainly  entitled  to  the  first  rank  among 
the  religious  edifices  of  America. 

It  was  erected  in  1840,  and  its  original  cost,  including  the  adjoining  chapel  and  rectory,  was  $280,000.  The 
interior  was  completely  destroyed  by  fire  on  the  14th  of  November,  186.5.  The  scene  at  that  time  was  one  of 
the  grandest  and  most  terrific  ever  presented  by  a  conflagration  in  this  city.  The  fire  and  smoke  burst  in  vast 
rolling  volumes  through  the  roof,  and  poured  from  every  window,  as  if  threatening  destruction  to  every  building 
in  the  vicinity.  Long  tongues  of  dazzling  flame  darted  from  the  open  towers  to  their  very  summit,  and  seemed 
to  lick  the  sky ;  and  for  a  while  the  entire  structure  was  wreathed  by  the  devouring  element,  with  sparks  and 
blazing  fragments  hurled  heavenward  at  every  moment,  as  beam  after  beam  of  the  lofty  roof  fell  crashing  down 
into  the  roaring  abyss.  But  the  noble  walls  and  towers  stood  the  ordeal  without  betraying  so  much  as  a  crack 
or  seam. 

The  refitting  of  the  interior  was  immediately  entered  upon,  and  it  now — unsupported  by  any  visible  columns 
either  to  gallery  or  roof— presents  an  appearance  of  refined,  yet  sumptuous,  magnificence  to  which  its  original 
grandeur  is  not  to  be  compared.  Its  length  from  the  rear  of  the  chancel-recess  to  the  outer  walls  of  the  towers 
is  150  feet,  and  its  width,  from  inner  wall  to  wall,  75  feet.  The  height  from  the  ground  to  the  peak  of  the  roof 
is  100  feet — to  the  top  of  the  towers  about  245  feet. 

Looking  upward  from  the  marble  pavement  of  the  broad  and  echoing  aisles,  the  deep,  strong  ceiling, 
though  of  the  simple,  open  order,  is  one  of  the  most  striking  and  effective  features  of  the  interior.  There  are  five 
tall  windows  on  either  side  of  the  main  body,  above  the  galleries,  with  corresponding  double-windows  beneath. 
The  staining  of  the  upper  or  loftier  sections  is  a  marvel  of  beauty  and  art,  as  are  also  the  rose  windows  over  the 
chancel.     The  organ  is  a  very  old  one,  and  will  be  changed  for  one  of  more  modern  pattern  at  an  early  da}'. 

The  adjoining  rectory — the  abode  of  the  venerated  Rector  of  St.  George's,  Rev.  Stephen  11.  Tyng — and  the 
chapel  on  Sixteenth  Street  are  architecturally  and  otherwise  in  keeping  with  the  noble  edifice  of  which  they  are 
a  part ;  and  the  foliage,  fountains,  and  freshness  of  Stuyvesant  Square,  immediately  facing  the  church,  lend  an 
additional  charm. 


FIFTH   AVENUE. 

A  brief  walk  from  Broadway,  along  TVaverley  Place,  will  bring  us  to  the  co  nmencement  of  Fifth  Avenue,  and 
among  the  leafy  shadows  of  Washington  Square — in  most  respects,  the  finest  ami  most  agreeable  in  the  metropolis. 
Situated  a  little  west  of  Broadway,  between  Fourth  Street  and  Wavcrley  Place,  it  is  almost  entirely  surrounded  by 
rows  of  elegant  residences,  with  the  New  York  University  and  Dr.  Hutton's  Church — both  fine  structures  of  the 
Gothic  order — facing  it  on  the  eastern  side.     The  Square  was  formerly  the  site  of  a  Potter's  Field — a  fact  which 


J^EW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


would  by  no  means  bo  suggesti-d  by  its  present  beauty  and  elegance.  It  occupies  about  nine  acres.  The  trees 
are  of  older  growth  and  thicker  foliage  than  tho.so  of  any  other  square  in  the  city,  and  a  greater  variety  of  song- 
birds haunt  the  green  boughs,  or  flutter  down  the  broad  and  shaded  walks  upon  a  pleasant  day  in  the  spring  or 
summer.  The  lint-white,  robin,  and  golden-crested  oriole,  mingle  with  sparrows  of  tamer  hue,  but  equally  pleasant 
voice,  and  hundreds  of  them  may  be  seen,  early  in  the  morning,  balancing  themselves  on  chips  in  the  basin  of 
the  fountain,  and  pledging  bright  beakers  to  the  rising  sun. 

The  fountain  itself  is  a  simple  but  graceful  one,  surrounded  by  benches  which,  in  the  proper  season,  are 
generally  occupied  all  day  long.  The  walks  are  favorite  resorts  of  nurse-girls,  for  the  delectation  of  the  children 
under  their  charge,  and  they  are  also  fre(iuent  sauntcring-places  for  the  guests  of  the  large  hotels  in  neighboring 
Broadway. 

Fifth  Avenue  commences  at  about  the  centre  of  the  northern  side  of  this  Square,  whence  a  fine  view  is 
afforded,  through  the  rows,  of  elegant  and  expensive  residences  of  New  York  aristocracy  and  fashion. 

The  fine  rows  of  dwellings  facing  the  Square  from  the  upper  side  of  Waverley  Place  are  also  among  the 
finest  and  most  convenient  in  the  city. 

Still  the  handsomest  street  in  New  York,  though  of  late  years  losing  its  tone  to  some  extent.  Fifth  Avenue 
must  be  cherished  by  native  denizens,  and  presented  to  strangers  as  the  best  thing  our  opulence  and  taste  have 
yet  been  able  to  achieve  in  the  line  of  continuously  impressive  architectural  display.  On  many  other  streets — 
not  mentioning  Broadwaj- — there  are  more  elegant  buildings  and  even  more  imposing  private  residences ;  but  the 
ensemble  of  Fifth  Avenue  is  still  unrivalled.  Commencing  at  AVashington  Square,  its  luxury  and  splendor  have 
extended  nearly  to  Central  Park,  until  what  was  thought  a  one-mile  marvel  of  experiment,  in  1854,  has  become  a 
miracle  of  accomplishment  in  half  a  generation  later.  While  exclusive  circles  have  chosen  more  retired  locations 
wherein  to  erect  palatial  places  of  abode.  Fifth  Avenue  has  consistently  represented  the  rage  for  lavish  expendi- 
ture which  characterizes  the  newly-rich,  while  with  this  class  still  remains  mingled  a  considerable  leaven  of  those 
who  give  the  uppermost  stratum  of  "  society  "  its  laws.  To  describe  in  detail  the  many  splendid  mansions  that 
line  either  side  of  it,  would  be  to  destroy  the  -general  effect  and  pleasure  of  a  first  impression  with  those  who 
have  never  travelled  through  its  long  extent  of  scarcely-interrupted  magnificence.  It  has  become  a  type  of  the 
promiscuous  shades  of  social  quality  which  somehow  inevitably  come  together — often  in  a  manner  most  incon- 
gruous— in  a  great  city  like  the  metropolis.     It  has  been  invaded  between  Twelfth  and  Twenty-third  Streets  by 


ifth    Avenue,    at   corner  of   Twenty-ficit 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Fifth    Avenu 


Sunday    Morn  ng 


the  aggressive  influences  of  trade.  First-class  stores  have  been  constructed  out  of  brown-stone  palaces,  and  dry 
goods,  millinery,  tailoring,  restaurants,  and  music-stores  are  beginning  to  intrude  upon  the  precincts  once  sacred 
to  aristocracy  and  exclusiveness.  There  have  been  incursions,  too,  from  less  reputable  hordes  of  outside  bar- 
barians. Where  merchants  of  high  standing  with  their  flimilies  once  lived,  the  "  tiger  "  that  men  nightly  light 
with  ivory  chips  has  made  his  lair.  Faro  flourishes  and  keno  reigns  supreme  where  fireside  felicity  once  .shed  a 
homely  lustre.  And  even  worse  than  this ;  but  that  is  bad  enough  for  mention  here.  On  one  plebeian  corner 
of  the  avenue,  for  a  long  time  there  persistently  existed  a  painter's  shop,  which  seemed  to  scorn  all  temptations 
looking  to  removal.  Counterbalancing,  however,  what  is  evil  of  these  intrusions,  are  a  number  of  the  most  at- 
tractive sacred  edifices  in  the  city.  Mostly  built  of  brown-stone,  in  cosy,  half  Gothic  or  Elizabethan  style,  with 
shaven  lawns  around  and  bowered  by  the  most  luxurious  of  foliage,  these  places  of  worship  are  really  charming 
in  appearance.  But  the  special  beauty  of  Fifth  Avenue  is  its  spacious  sidewalks  in  the  fashionable  season,  espe- 
cially on  a  Sunday  morning  that's  bright  and  sunny.  The  time  will  be  immediately  subsequent  to  morning  service. 


Nf'JW  YOliK  ILf.USTUATHT). 


The  scene  may  be  scarcely  appropriate,  following  so  soon  upon  the  religious  exercises  that  have  preceded  it,  but 
it  is  very  fascinating  in  its  freaks  of  worldly  frivolity.  What  of  loveliness  and  brillioncyin  female  face  and  form 
and  frippery  of  dress  that  passes  for  two  hours  in  a  kaleidoscopic  punoramo,  could  not  help  but  dazzle  tliu  most 
sloical  of  spectator^.  Nothing  to  compare  with  it  can  be  seen  elsewhere,  at  any  time,  in  any  part  of  the  world. 
There  is  another  phase  of  life  on  Iho  upper  end  of  tlie  avenue,  which  has  an  equal  fascination  for  a  large  class  of 
people.  This  is  the  display  of  splendid  e(iuipages  which  congregate  there  on  the  road  to  Central  Park.  All  that 
hixury  and  wealth,  directed  by  good  judgment,  can  procure  in  the  way  of  first-cla.ss  horse-fle.sh,  and  a  superb 
variety  of  carnages,  throng  briskly  or  sedately  onward,  as  tlie  fancy  dictates,  and  form  a  diflereut  panorama  as 
matchless  in  its  way  as  that  upon  the  sidewalks  lower  down. 

Fifth  Avenue,  beginning  at  Washington  Park  on  Waverley  Place,  terminates  somewhere  in  the  wilderness  at 
the  upper  end  of  the  island.  From  Waverley  Place  to  Fifty-ninth  Street  is  a  stretch  of  two  miles  and  a  half,  the 
entire  length  of  which,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  squares,  just  below  the  Park,  is  one  uninterrupted  succession 
of  costly  and  imposing  mansions.  All  the  streets  that  cross  it  arc  known  by  numerals.  The  squares  each  side 
of  the  avenue,  for  its  entire  length,  partake  of  the  exclusive  character  of  the  Avenue  itself,  affording  a  space  over 
two  miles  long  and  about  a  third  of  a  mile  wide,  in  which  elegance  and  wealth  reign  almost  supreme.  There  arc 
many  noble  residences  elsewhere  in  the  city,  but  we  nowhere  find  so  extensive  and  unbroken  a  phalanx  of  brown- 
stone  supremacy. 

The  Brevoort  House — still  retaining  its  character  as  an  aristocratic  family  hotel — is  one  of  the  first  to  attract 
the  lounger's  attention  ;  and  then,  moving  through  the  rows  of  elegant  residences,  and  crossing  Fourteenth  Street 
— the  great  rival  of  the  Avenue  itself — with  half  a  dozen  fine  churches  on  the  way,  we  may  well  pause  a  moment 
to  consider  the  splendid  and  luxurious  structure  of  the  Union  Club,  on  the  corner  of  Twenty-first  Street.  It  is 
built  of  brown  stone,  in  superb  style,  and  cost  about  $300,000. 

Next  comes  the  fine,  breezy  opening  of  Madison  Square,  the  nucleus  of  American  hotel  architecture,  and  quite 
as  central  and  representative  of  metropolitan  wealth  and  fashion  as  Union  Square.  The  Square  itself  occupies 
ten  acres  of  turf  and  foliage,  and  is  surrounded  by  the  magnificent  dwellings  and  business  buildings  of  Madison 
Avenue,  Twenty-third  Street,  Broadway, 
and  Fifth  Avenue. 

One  of  the  most  notable  features  of  the 
Square,  standing  at  the  intersection  of 
Broadway  with  Fifth  Avenue,  almost  di- 
rectly opposite  the  Hoffman  House,  erected 
to  the  memory  of  General  Worth,  by  the 
corporation  of  the  city  of  New  York,  in 
1857 — eight  years  after  the  death  of  the 
aged  and  gallant  hero  in  Texas — is  the 
Worth  Monument.  The  monument  is  four- 
sided,  chaste  and  beautiful,  each  side  of  the 
base  and  shaft  bearing  inscriptions  pertain- 
ing to  the  memory  of  the  deceased  and  the 
names  of  the  different  engagements  in  which 
he  distinguished  himself,  with  handsome 
bronze  reliefs  between  the  inscriptions  ou 
the  base  and  those  above. 

The  front,  or  southward-looking  side, 
presents  a  handsome  equestrian  image  of 
General  AVorth  in  high  relief,  with  armorial 
insignia  of  the  same  material  above,  and 
the  name  and  military  title  of  the  deceased 
in  raised  stone  letters  on  the  base  below ; 
while,  lettered  in  the  shaft  above,  one  be- 
low the  other,  are  the  celebrated  battle- 
names  of  "Monterey,"  "  Vera  Cruz,"  "  San 
Antonio,"  "  City  of  Mexico." 

The  west  side  (facing  the  Hoftraan 
House)  states,  on  the  base,  the  time  and 
occasion  of  the  monument's  erection  by  the 
corporation,  with  a  laurel-wreath  in  bronze. 


Worth    Monument.    Madison    Square. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Young  Men's  Christian  Association  Building,  and  Acadenny  of  Design,  at 


of  Twenty-third  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue. 


and,  lettered  on  the  shaft,  "  Contreras,"  "  Churubusco,"  "  West  Point,"  "  Molino  del  Rey."  The  east,  or  Madison 
Square  side,  presents  a  similar  wreath,  the  inscription  "  Ducit  Amor  Patrias,"  and  "  Perote,"  "  Puebla,"  "  Cerro 
Gordo,"  "  Chapultepec."  The  base  of  the  rear  records  the  place  and  time  of  the  birth  (Hudson,  N.  Y.,  1794)  and 
death  (Texas,  1849)  of  the  illustrious  General;  with  bronze  shields  and  upraised  arm,  mailed  and  weaponed,  in 
demi-relief,  and  the  names  of  "  Florida,"  "  Chippewa,"  "  Fort  George,"  and  "  Lundy's  Lane,"  upon  the  shaft. 

The  site  of  the  monument — which  is  enclosed  in  a  plain  iron  railing,  and  surrounded  by  green  turf— is  most 
happily  chosen,  and,  in  addition  to  being  a  worthy  tribute  to  a  beloved  and  gallant  soldier  of  the  Empire  State,  is 
a  notable  ornament  of  the  brilliant  and  fashionable  locality. 

As  you  enter  Madison  Square  from  Fifth  Avenue,  a  digression  along  Twenty-third  Street,  either  to  the  right 
or  left,  will  command  fresh  and  interesting  architectural  beauties.  Among  these  may  be  mentioned  the  National 
Academy  of  Design,  standing  on  the  northwest  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street.  It  has  a  front 
of  eighty  feet  on  Twenty-third  Street,  and  of  ninety-eight  feet  and  nine  inches  on  Fourth  Avenue.  The  main 
entrance  is  on  the  former  front,  level  with  the  second  story,  and  reached  by  a  double  flight  of  steps.  This 
second  and  principal  story  is  thus  divided.  A  wide  hall  extends  from  the  entrance  nearly  the  whole  length  of  the 
building.  In  this  are  the  stairs  leading  to  the  third  story.  To  the  right  hand,  on  entering,  is  a  range  of  four 
large  rooms,  which  occupy  all  of  the  Fourth  Avenue  side.  These  rooms  are  lighted  by  the  eight  windows  shown 
in  the  engraving — forming  an  arcade  which  extends  from  the  entire  depth  of  the  longer  fagade — and  by  the  three 
windows  of  similar  design  on  Twenty-third  Street.  The  grand  staircase  leading  to  the  upper  galleries  is  a  feature 
of  the  building.  They  are  wide,  massive,  and  imposing  in  eflfect.  Exhibition  galleries  occupy  the  whole  of  the 
third  story,  which  is  lighted  from  the  roof  The  interior  of  the  building  has  been  handsomely  fitted  up  at  great 
expense.  Most  of  the  woodwork  is  of  oak,  walnut,  ash,  and  other  hard  woods,  oiled  and  polished,  so  as  to  show 
the  natural  color  and  grain.  The  rooms  of  the  second  floor,  except  the  lecture-room,  are  finished  like  the  par- 
lors of  a  first-class  house.  Each  of  the  four  large  rooms  on  Fourth  Avenue  has  an  open  fireplace,  with  a  hearth 
of  ornamental  encaustic  tiles,  and  rich  mantel-piece  of  oak.  The  windows  are  fitted  with  plate-glass  sliding 
sashes,  and  the  rooms  communicate  through  a  series  of  plate-glass  sliding  doors.  The  vestibule  at  the  main  en- 
trance has  an  ornamental  pavement  of  variegated  marbles,  and  the  floor  of  the  great  hall  is  walnut  and  maple  in 
patterns.  The  (fesign  of  the  exterior  was  copied  from  a  famous  palace  in  Venice,  and,  being  the  only  instance  of 
this  st3'le  of  architecture  in  the  city,  or  we  believe  in  the  country,  it  possesses  a  peculiar  interest.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  brilliantly  decorated  edifices  in  the  country.  The  double  flight  of  steps  leading  to  the  main  entrance — ren- 
dered necessary  by  the  circumscribed  limits  of  the  lot  on  which  the  building  stands — has  been  skilfully  made  an 
ornament  rather  than  defect.  It  is  beautifully  carved,  and  underneath  it  is  an  elegant  drinking  fountain,  radiant 
in  color  and  other  exquisite  embellishment.  The  walls  of  the  lower  story  are  of  gray  marble,  marked  with  inter- 
vening lines  of  North  llivcr  blue-stone,  and  the  entire  elevation  is  thus  variegated  in  blue  and  gray  and  white. 
At  present  the  spandrils  of  the  windows  and  arches  show  the  brick-work  of  the  interior  wall.  These  are  soon  to 
be  filled  in  with  marble  and  mosaic  medallions.  Mr.  P.  B.  Wight  is  the  architect  of  the  building,  which  was 
erected  at  a  cost  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


i 


■llllfe 


it  corner  of  Twenty  th  rd   Strec 

Directly  opposite  the  Academy  of  Design,  on  the  southwest  corner  of  Fourth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street, 
is  now  in  process  of  erection  the  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  which  must  prove  highly 
ornamental  to  this  part  of  the  city,  already  so  rich  in  structural  beauty  and  elegance.     When  completed,  it  will 


The  Grand  Opera-House    at  corner  of  Twenty-third  Street  and  Eit,hth  Avenue, 
be  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  the  Renaissance  order  of  architecture  in  the  city.     The  roof  will  be  of  the  steep 
Mansard  pattern,  presenting  towers  of  equal  height  at  each  corner  of  the  building,  and  a  larger  tower  (windowed) 
over  the  entrance  (on  Twenty-third  Street),  which  is  simple  and  elegant. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRA2ED. 


The  dimensions  of  the  building  are  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  on  Twenty-third  Street,  eighty-three  feet 
on  Fourth  Avenue,  and  ninety-seven  feet  at  the  rear.  The  material  is  New  Jersey  browu-stone,  and  the  yellowish 
marble  from  Ohio,  in  almost  equal  parts,  though,  on  account  of  the  latter  composing  the  trimming  material,  the 
brown-stone  gives  the  building  the  controlling  air.  The  building  will  contain  twenty-five  apartments  in  all,  in- 
cluding g_\-mnasium,  library,  lecture-rooms,  offices,  etc.,  and  will  cost  about  §300,000. 

A  branching  off  along  the  same  street,  to  the  west  of  the  Avenue,  will  bring  us  vis-d-vis  to  Booth's  New 
Theatre,  on  the  corner  of  Sixth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street,  and,  in  the  opinion  of  many,  the  finest  design 
yet  offered  by  the  architects,  Messrs.  Renwick  and  Sands. 

The  building  is  in  the  Renaissance  style  of  architecture,  and  stands  seventy  feet  high  from  the  sidewalk  to  the 
main  cornice,  crowning  which  is  a  Mansard  roof  of  twenty-four  feet.  The  theatre  proper  fronts  one  hundred 
and  forty-nine  feet  on  Twenty-third  Street,  and  is  divided  into  three  parts,  so  combined  as  to  form  an  almost  per- 
fect whole,  with  arched  entrances  at  either  extremity  on  the  side,  for  the  admission  of  the  public,  and  on  the  other 
for  another  entrance,  and  the  use  of  actors  aud  those  employed  in  the  house.  There  arc  three  doors  on  the  front- 
age, devised  for  securing  the  most  rapid  egress  of  a  crowded  audience,  in  case  of  fire,  and,  in  connection  with 
other  facilities,  said  to  permit  the  building  to  be  vacated  in  five  minutes.  On  either  side  of  these  main  entrances, 
are  broad  aud  lofty  windows  ;  and  above  them,  forming  a  part  of  the  second  story,  are  niches  for  statues,  sur- 
rounded by  coupled  columns  resting  on  finely-sculptured  pedestals. 

The  central  or  main  niche  is  flanked  on  either  side  by  quaintly-contrived  blank  windows ;  and  between  the 
columns,  at  the  depths  of  the  recesses,  are  simple  pilasters,  sustaining  the  elliptic  arches,  which  will  serve  to  span 
and  top  the  niches,  the  latter  to  be  occupied  by  statues  of  the  great  creators  and  interpreters  of  the  drama  in 
every  age  and  country. 

The  finest  Concord  granite,  from  the  best  quarries  in  New  Hampshire,  is  the  material  used  in  the  entire 
fagade,  as  well  as  in  the  Sixth  Avenue  side.  The  interior — probably  the  most  complete  aud  elegant  in  the  world 
— is  equally  deserving  of  notice.  It  is  subdivided,  architecturally  speaking,  into  four  heights.  The  first  and 
lowermost  embraces  the  parquette,  circle,  and  orchestra  seats,  for  the  accommodation  of  eight  hundred  persons. 
The  second  tier  is  thrown  into  the  dress-circle  ;  the  third  constitutes  the  family  circle  ;  and  the  fourth  embraces 
the  gallery,  or  amphitheatre.  There  is  something  of  the  French  model  suggested  by  the  general  effect  of  the 
interior,  but  there  are  many  graceful  and  pleasing  originalities. 

The  stage  is  fifty-five  feet  in  breadth,  seventy-five  feet  in  depth,  fifty  in  total  height,  and  is  set  in  a  beautiful 
ornamental  framework,  so  as  to  give  the  effect  of  a  gorgeously  framed  picture  to  the  misc  en  scene.  The  boxes 
are  tastefully  arranged  on  either  side  of  the  stage ;  and  all  of  the  interior  divisions  and  subdivisions  unite  in 
their  construction  the  latest  and  most  improved  appliances  for  celerity  and  ease  in  the  manifold  operations  of  the 
entire  company.  Taken  from  a  point  embracing  the  Sixth  Avenue  and  Twenty-third  Street  facades,  the  glittering 
granite  mass,  exquisitely  poised,  adorned  with  rich  and  appropriate  carving,  statuary  columns,  pilasters  and 
arches,  and  capped  by  the  springing  French  roof,  fringed  with  its  shapely  balustrades,  offers  au  imposing  and 
majestic  aspect,  and  forms  one  of  the  architectural  jewels  of  the  city. 

We  are  now  a  block  from  Fifth  Avenue — the  thoroughfore  to  which  we  are  mainly  devoting  our  attention — 
but  time  is  still  permitted  us,  before  returning,  to  visit  dike's  New  Opera-House,  the  imposing  and  elegant  struc- 
ture occupying  the  block  on  Eighth  Avenue  between  Twenty-third  and  Twenty-fourth  Streets,  and  estimated  to 
have  cost  nearly  half  a  million  of  dollars.  It  fronts  one  hundred  and  thirteen  feet  on  the  Avenue,  and  ninety-eight 
feet  on  Twenty-third  Street,  and  is  eighty  feet  high,  from  the  base  to  the  cornice.  It  has  a  basement  and  four 
floors — the  former  being  occupied  by  a  warming  apparatus,  and  as  a  general  store-room  for  the  theatre. 

The  main  entrance  to  the  theatre  is  twenty-one  feet  wide,  and  leads  up  a  passage,  eighty  feet  long,  into  a  vesti- 
bule forty-five  by  seventy-two  feet.  Thence  the  visitor  passes  up  the  main  staircase,  twelve  feet  wide,  which  con- 
ducts him  directly  into  the  dress-circle. 

The  upper  stories,  which  are  divided  into  the  family-circle  and  the  amphitheatre,  have  their  entrance  on 
Twenty-third  Street.  The  parquette  and  orchestra  are  arranged  in  the  usual  manner— the  former  occupying  the 
elevation  of  the  inclined  plane. 

The  stage  is  seventy-two  by  seventy-sis  feet,  which,  including  the  proscenium,  makes  a  total  depth  of  eighty, 
four  feet.  It  is  capitally  adapted  for  setting  elaborate  scenes  and  spectacles ;  the  ground  beneath  being  exca- 
vated to  the  depth  of  twenty-five  feet.  The  scenery  is  so  arranged  as  to  descend  through  the  stage  and  slide  at 
the  sides,  in  the  usual  way. 

The  exterior  of  the  building  is  a  good  specimen  of  the  Italian  order  of  architecture.  At  the  top,  over  the 
main  entrance,  is  a  statuesque  group  representing  Apollo  and  Erato.  Below  this  arc  medallions  of  Shakespeare 
and  Mozart ;  and  on  either  side  of  the  window  below  are  large  figures  representing  Comedy  and  Tragedy.  Em- 
blazoned coats-of-arms  brighten  the  main  entrance  on  either  side. 

One  of  the  most  praiseworthy  features  of  this  noble  theatre  is  the  case  with  which  the  audience  may  make 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


*« 


Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  Twenty-ninth  Street. 


their  c>dt,  from  tlie  building  in  ease  of  fire— there  being  no  less  than  seven  exits  leading  directly  to  the  streets, 
and  all  readily  accessible. 

The  front  of  the  theatre,  on  Eighth  Avenue,  is  of  solid  marble,  with  ornamental  cornice ;  and  the  interior  is 
lighted  by  chandeliers  in  a  dome  thirty  feet  in  diameter. 

Returning  to  and  continuing  our  progress  up  the  Avenue,  we  are  attracted,  despite  the  glitter  of  the  Avenue 
itself,  to  take  a  passing  glance  at  the  Church  of  the  Transfiguration,  situated  on  the  north  side  of  Twenty-ninth 
street,  just  east  of  Fifth  Avenue,  and,  with  its  adjoining  Chapel  and  Rectory,  more  interesting  from  its  quaint  ir- 
regularity and  air  of  seclusion,  than  for  any  architectural  pretensions.  Indeed,  it  may  be  said  to  have  no  archi- 
tecture at  all.  The  original  edifice  was  erected  about  fourteen  years  ago,  with  the  Rev.  G.  H.  Houghton  as  Rec- 
tor and  a  congregation  of  three  members.  From  time  to  time,  as  the  congregation  grew  in  numbers  and  wealth, 
additions  were  made,  by  appending  a  little  chapel  at  this  end,  a  porch  at  that  end,  and  a  wing  at  the  side,  until 
finally  the  original  building  itself  disappeared,  and  gave  place  to  another  equally  quaint  and  plain.  A  glimmer 
of  the  Gothic  seems  to  pervade  the  low,  simple  eaves,  with  here  and  there,  in  a  short  slender  column  or  two,  per- 
haps, a  shadow  of  the  Arabesque,  or  something  else ;  so  that  it  is  in  vain  to  place  the  whole  structure  within  the 
confines  of  any  specific  order  of  art. 

With  its  attendant  buildings,  the  church  occupies  about  ten  lots  on  the  street ;  and  with  the  row  of  small 
trees  in  front,  and  the  little  green  between  the  buildings,  and  the  iron  railing  enclosing  them,  it  would  seem,  were 
it  not  for  the  out-door  bustle  and  life  of  the  near  Avenue,  much  like  one  might  imagine  that  little  church  wherein 
Tom  Pinch  was  wont  to  play  the  organ  near  the  residence  of  the  architectural  Pecksniff. 

The  size  of  the  interior,  however,  is  far  greater  than  one  would  suppose.  When  the  chapel  is  given  into  the 
main  body  of  the  church,  as  is  the  custom,  by  means  of  folding-doors,  this,  with  the  interior  of  the  wing,  stretch- 
ing southward  to  the  street,  affords  accommodations  for  a  much  larger  congregation  than  those  of  many  buildings 
of  far  more  pretentious  exterior.  The  ceiling  is  very  low,  and  of  smooth,  simply-arched  oaken  wood — the  mate- 
rial of  all  the  furniture.  The  chancel  is  comparatively  small,  and  contains,  besides  the  altar,  a  font  of  simple  and 
exquisite  design,  and  of  the  pure  Parian.  The  windows  are  small  and  narrow,  and  prettily  stained,  as  are  also 
the  windows  over  the  chancel  recess. 

The  principal  feature  of  the  interior  is  the  picture,  directly  behind  the  pulpit,  of  the  Transfiguration,  a  copy 
from  Raphael ;  and  the  entire  interior  is  in  keeping  with  the  picturesqueness  of  the  church  as  seen  from  the  street. 

Of  all  the  splendid  buildings  on  Fifth  Avenue,  none  will  probably  ever  be  so  famous  as  the  marble  palace  for 
Mr.  A.  T.  Stewart,  nearly  completed,  at  the  corner  of  Thirty-fourth  Street.  This  will  unquestionably  be,  when  com- 
pleted, the  most  costly  and  luxurious  private  residence  on  the  continent.  Even  in  its  present  unfinished  state, 
words  are  almost  inadequate  to  describe  the  beauty  and  unique  grandeur  of  some  of  the  details  of  its  construc- 
tion. Mr.  Stewart  hopes  to  have  it  ready  for  occupation  by  next  fall.  Before  he  enters  it  as  a  tenant  it  will  have 
cost  him  upward  of  two  million  dollars. 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATE!). 


The  marble-work,  which  forms  the  most  distinguishing  characteristic  of  this  palatial  abode,  receives  its  entire 
shape  and  finish  in  the  basement  and  first  floor  of  the  building.  The  fluted  columns  (purely  Corinthian,  and  with 
capitals  elaborately  and  delicately  carved),  which  are  the  most  striking  feature  of  the  main  hall,  are  alone  worth 
between  three  thousand  five  hundred  and  four  thousand  doUars  each.  On  the  right  of  this  noble  passage,  as  you 
proceed  north  from  the  side  entrance,  are  the  reception  and  drawing  rooms,  and  the  breakfast  and  dining  rooms, 
all  with  marble  finish,  and  with  open  doors,  affording  space  for  as  splendid  a  promenade,  or  ball,  as  could  bo 
furnished,  probably,  by  any  private  residence  in  Europe. 

To  the  left  of  the  grand  hall  are  the  marble  staircase  and  the  picture-gallery — the  latter  about  seventy-two  by 
thirty-six  feet,  lofty  and  elegant,  and  singularly  well  designed.  The  sleeping  apartments  above  are  executed  upon 
a  scale  equally  luxurious  and  regardless  of  expense.  Externally,  the  building  must  ever  remain  a  monument  of 
the  splendor  which,  as  far  as  opulence  is  concerned,  places  some  of  our  merchants  on  a  footing  almost  with  roy- 
alty itself,  and  a  glance  at  the  interior  will  be  a  privilege  eagerly  sought  by  the  visiting  stranger. 

Upon  reaching  Thirty-fourth  Street,  a  brisk  walk  of  two  or  three  minutes  to  the  east — if  we  can  muster  up 
sufficient  resolution  to  make  such  a  digression  from  our  Fifth  Avenue  stroll — will  bring  us  into  or  rather  upon 
Park  Avenue.  This  avenue  arches  the  tunnel  of  the  Harlem  River  Railroad — a  wonderful  excavation  through 
the  solid  granitic  stratum  beneath — and  extends  from  Thirty-fourth  Street  a  distance  of  one-quarter  of  a  mile. 

It  is  one  of  the  healthiest,  breeziest  portions  of  the  city  proper,  and  a  most  elegant  and  select  locality.  Lit- 
tle or  no  inconvenience  is  experienced  from  the  noise  or  smoke  of  the  trains  of  the  Harlem  River  and  New  Haven 
Railroads  which  are  almost  constantly  trundling  beneath  the  broad,  v/ell-kept  street.  The  noise  is  almost  entirely 
deadened  by  the  deep  crust  of  rock  and  earth,  and,  as  the  cars  are  drawn  by  horses  to  nearly  three  blocks 
above  the  upper  mouth  of  the  tunnel,  no  annoyance  is  created  by  either  the  vapor  or  the  hissing  of  the  iron 
steeds. 

In  the  centre  of  the  avenue,  at  regular  intervals,  are  neatly-railed  oval  enclosures  of  green  sod,  with  a  grated 
hole  in  the  centre  of  each.  These  apertures  are  for  the  purpose  of  transmitting  daylight  to  the  tunnel  beneath, 
and  their  efficacy  will  have  been  perceived  by  any  one  who  has  made  the  subterranean  passage.  Their  general 
arrangement,  and  the  tastefulness  with  which  they  have  been  disguised,  as  it  were,  together  with  the  elegant  sur- 
roundings, gives  the  short,  broad  aveime  something  of  the  air  of  a  London  terrace. 

The  Unitarian  Church  of  the  Messiah,  occupying  a  commanding  site  at  the  northwest  corner  of  Thirty-fourth 
Street  and  Park  Avenue,  was  only  completed  a  year  ago — the  dedication  takiug  place  in  April,  1868 — and  ex- 
hibits in  its  completion  many  traits  of  simple  beauty.     The  architecture  may  be  best  expressed  as  the  Rhenish- 


T^  Stewart's  Residence,  at  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue  and  Thirty-fourth  Street. 


NEW    YORK   UA.VtiTllATEl). 


Gothic  style.  It  is  Imiit  ol' bricU,  with  gray  sandstone  trimmings,  and  covers  a  space,  inchiding  the  chapel,  of 
80  by  145  feet.  Tiio  cntriinco,  on  Thirty-fourth  Street,  is  of  light-colored  stone,  elaborately  curved,  and  a  little 
gem  as  a  piece  of  architecture. 

The  walls  of  the  interior,  which  arc  of  plain  plaster  at  present,  will  be  doconited  and  painted  at  some  luture  day  ; 
and  the  ceiling-  is  of  the  sinii)lc  pendant  order.  Including  the  ground,  the  Church  of  the  Messiah  was  erected  at 
a  cost  of  $'250,(101  (.     The  Hcv.  Samuel  Osgood,  D.  1).,  is  the  pastor. 

Innncdiatcly  adjoining  the  Church  of  the'Mesi-,iah,  and  occupying  the  avenue  block  between  Thirty-fifth  and 
Thirty-sixth  Streets,  is  the  larger  and  more  elaborate  Presbyterian  Church  of  the  Covenant. 

Its  dedication  dates  three  years  prior  to  that  of  its  neighbor.  It  is  of  the  Lombardo-CJothic  style  of  architec- 
ture, and,  in  many  of  its  characteristics,  is  worthy  the  attention  of  the  student  in  that  branch  of  art.  It  faces  the 
a\enue,  and  is  built  of  rich  gray-stone. 

These  two  edifices,  occupying  the  most  prominent  angle  of  the  broad,  (luict  street,  with  the  adjacent  rows  of 
brown-stone  dwellings,  and  here  and  there  a  snowy  front  of  marble  to  relievo  the  brown  sobriety,  serve  to  ren- 
der this  little  Avenue  one  of  the  prettiest  and  most  select  in  the  metropolis.  From  the  northern  extremity,  a 
fine  view  is  also  affbrdcd  of  the  straight  line  of  the  Harlem  River  Railroad,  piercing  the  deep  granite  cuts 
of  Yorkville,  and  stretching  away  to  llarlcm  Bridge,  with  u  glimpse  of  Central  Park  foliage  and  greenery  to  the 
left.     But  to  return  to  the  Avenue. 

On  Murray  Hill  (Fifth  Avenue,  between  Forty-first  and  Forty-second  Streets)  stands  the  Distributing  Reservoir 
of  the  Croton  Water- Works.  Tlie  tall,  massive  walls  of  masonry  quickly  apprise  either  the  pedestrian  or  stage- 
passenger  of  its  presence,  and  cannot  fiiil  to  attract  his  attentive  scrutiny  if  he  is  a  stranger. 

The  Reservoir  is  built  in  the  Egyptian  style  of  architecture,  with  massive  buttresses.  Between  the  base  of 
the  front  wall  and  the  pavement  is  a  strip  of  turf,  which  is  made  a  beautiful  garden  in  the  spring  and  summer, 
when  the  lower  portion  of  the  wall  is  happily  relieved  with  beautiful  roses  and  other  blossoming  vines ;  and  the 
large  space  between  the  rear  wall  and  Sixth  Avenue  forms  a  pleasant  public  square  for  the  citizens  of  that  locality. 

This  Reservoir  is  the  third  or  Lower  Reservoir  of  the  great  Croton  Aqueduct,  which  conveys  its  60,000,000 
gallons  of  pure  water  a  day,  a  distance  of  thirty-two  miles,  from  the  Grand  Dam  at  Croton  River  to  the  million 
throats  of  the  metropolis. 

Immediately  opposite  the  Distributing  Reservoir,  on  Fifth  Avenue,  is  the  building  occupied  by  the  Rutgers 
Female  College.  This  excellent  institution  was  removed  to  its  present  locality  only  a  short  time  ago,  and  has 
proved  very  successful.  The  building,  or  series  of  buildings,  were  originally  erected  for  dwellings — as,  indeed, 
the  two  end  buildings  are  at  present  occupied,  the  College  using  the  central  portion. 

The  new  Jewish  Synagogue,  on  the  Avenue,  in  the  immediate  neighborhood,  is  worthy  of  study,  as  the  purest 
example  of  the  Moresque  style  of  architecture  in  this  country  ;  and  then,  before  reaching  Central  Park,  we  pass 
a  vast  edifice  in  the  course  of  construction,  between  Fifty-first  and  Fift3--seeond  Streets,  on  the  east  side  of  the 
Avenue.  The  walls  have  even  now  scarcely  reached  the  height  of  thirty  feet,  but,  when  completed,  it  will  be  by 
far  the  most  magnificent  ecclesiastical  building  in  the  New  World. 

St.  Patrick's  Cathedral,  the  structure  under  consideration,  was  projected  by  the  late  Archbishop  Hughes,  who 
laid  the  corner-stone  in  185S,  during  which  and  the  following  year  the  foundations  were  laid  and  a  portion  of  the 
superstructure  built,  when  work  was  temporarily  suspended.  Upon  the  accession  of  Archbishop  McCloskc}-,  how- 
ever, a  new  impetus  was  given  to  the  work,  which  has  been  vigorously  prosecuted  ever  since. 

The  ground  occupied  (extreme  length,  three  hundred  and  thirty -two  feet;  general  breadth,  one  hundred  and 
thirty-two  feet,  with  an  extreme  breadth  at  the  transepts  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-four  feet)  is  the  most  elevated 
on  Fifth  Avenue,  there  being  a  gradual  descent  both  toward  the  south,  and  toward  Central  Park,  on  the  north. 
The  site,  indeed,  is  singularly  happy  and  fortunate  for  so  great  and  imposing  a  structure. 

A  stratum  of  solid  rock — which  in  some  places  is  twenty  feet  below  the  surface,  necessitating  a  cutting  into 
steps  to  receive  the  mason-work — supports  the  foundations,  which  are  of  immense  blocks  of  stone,  laid  by  derricks 
in  cement  mortar.  The  first  base-course  is  of  Maine  granite — the  same  as  was  used  in  the  Treasury  Building  at 
the  national  capital,  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  foundations,  upon  which  it  rests,  are  chisel-dressed,  and  appar- 
ently as  solid  as  the  crust  of  the  earth. 

The  material  above  the  base-course  is  of  white  marble,  from  the  quarries  of  Pleasantville,  Westchester  County 
— a  highly  crystalline  stone,  productive  of  very  beautiful  effects,  especially  in  the  columns  and  elaborations  of 
the  work. 

The  style  of  the  building  is  decorated  Gothic — that  which  prevailed  in  Europe  from  the  beginning  of  the  thir- 
teenth century  to  the  close  of  the  fourteenth — and  will  constitute  a  judicious  mean  between  the  heaviness  of  the 
latter  period  and  the  over-elaboration  of  later  times.  Judging  from  the  picture  of  the  building  as  complete,  it  ap- 
pears to  be  more  nearly  modelled  upon  the  celebrated  Cathedral  of  Cologne ;  but  there  are  also  fine  and  correct 
examples  of  the  same  order  of  architecture  in  Rheims  and  Amiens. 


JfHW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  decoration  of  the  front  (Fifth  Avenue)  will  be  unsurpassed  in  this  or  any  other  countr}-.  There  will  be  a 
tower  and  spire  on  each  corner,  each  measuring  three  hundred  and  twenty-eight  feet  from  the  ground  to  the  sum- 
mit of  the  cross,  and  each  thirty-two  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  thence  to  the  point  at  which  the  form  assumes 
the  octagonal — a  height  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  feet.     The  towers  maintain  the  square  form  to  this  height, 


Reservoir  and  Rutgers  Institute. 


then  rise  in  octagonal  lanterns,  fifty-four  feet  in  height,  and  then  spring  into  magnificent  spires  to  a  further  eleva- 
tion of  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  feet.  The  towers  and  spires  are  to  be  ornamented  with  buttresses,  niches 
with  statues,  and  pinnacles  so  arranged  as  to  disguise  the  change  from  the  square  to  the  octagon. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


31 


Tho  oontnil  giiblo,  between  the  two  towers,  will  bo  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  feet  high.  The  main  entrance 
will  bo  riohly  doeoriited,  flanked  on  either  side  by  a  largo  painted  window,  and  embowered  in  carved  symbols  of 
religion.     It  is  intended  to  have  this  structure  under  roof  within  ten  years. 

Wo  are  now  at  Fifty -ninth  Street,  the  lower  or  southernmost  verge  of  (Central  Park,  and  Fil'lli  Avenue  is  the 
principal  artery  through  which  pulses  and  throbs  the  vehicular  tide  which  gives  its  noble  drives  their  chief  ani- 
mation and  display.  Above  Fifty-ninth  Street,  the  Avenue  is,  so  far,  very  little  l)uilt  upon ;  but  the  lots  are  held 
at  extravagantly  high  prices,  and  it  cannot  be  doubted  that  ere  long  all  this  portion  of  the  street,  overlooking 
Central  Park,  will  be  built  up  with  a  succession  of  elegant  villas  and  mansions. 

Fifth  Avenue  is  sometimes  criticised  as  almost  too  solemn  in  its  tone.  The  architecture  lacks  variety,  it  is  true, 
ami  the  too-prevailing  brown-stone  gives  it  a  monotonous  appearance.  This  is  far  from  being  the  case,  however, 
wlien  filled  with  promenaders  and  vehicles.  But  the  full  splendor  of  our  town  palaces  can  only  be  realized  by 
a  peep  within.  The  lavish  adornment  of  metropolitan  interiors  is  a  marvel  even  to  travelled  eyes.  It  is  known 
that  bronzes,  pictures,  vases,  rare  and  costly  furniture,  and  articles  of  vertu  generally,  have  one  of  their  best  mar- 
kets in  New  York.  Through  the  plate-glass  windows  the  promenader  may  occasionally  catch  a  glimpse  of  the 
interior  elegance — flowers,  vases,  gilded  furniture,  pictures,  frescoed  walls,  and  rich  upholstery.  Fashion  is  here ; 
rank  is  here;  taste  is  here;  wealth  is  here ;  supreme  elegance  is  here;  social  exelusiveuess  is  here;  all  the  vir- 
tues are  here.  "  Was't  ever  in  court,  shepherd  ?  "  asked  Touchstone  of  Corin.  "  No,  truly."  "  Then  thou  art 
damned."     "  Nay,  I  hope."     "  Truly,  thou  art  damned,  like  an  ill-roasted  egg,  all  on  one  side."     "  For  not  being 


'Jit,/'tr-'v^ 


iJll''S 


Roman   Catholic  Cathedral,   on   Fifth   Avenue 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


citcouit''  '  Clio  C  oun  ,  "  \our  iei=oii '"    "  Win,"  an';v\ci 

Toutli^tone,  "  if  thou  ne\erw  l'^  t  it  coint  thou  iievei  saw'^  ^ 

good  manners     if  tliou  ne\er  siw'bt  good  manners,  then  th^ 

manners  must  be  wicked  ;  and  wickedness  is  sin,  and  sin  is 

damnation.     Thou  art  in  a  parlous  state,  shepherd."     AVho  shall  question 

this  Shakespearean  test  ? 

CENTBAL   PARK. 

There  are  many  public  enterprises,  intended  for  the  benefit  of  the  city, 
which  mistaken  calculations  or  official  corruption  have  made  complete  or  comparative  failures.  One,  at  least,  can 
be  presented,  which  has  more  than  fulfilled  the  most  sanguine  expectations  that  were  ever  entertained  of  it. 
This  notable  exception  is  the  Central  Park.  We  call  it  "  Central  "  Park  now  ;  had  we  done  so  fifteen  years  ago, 
we  should  have  been  looked  upon  as  lunatics.  Allowing  something  for  the  foresight  of  the  projectors  who  named 
it,  there  is  likelihood  that,  in  less  than  a  quarter  of  a  century,  those  who  called  it  "  Central "  will  be  regarded  as 
— speaking  mildly — short-sighted  speculators.  But,  regarding  it  as  it  is  now,  it  is  unquestionably  the  most  beau- 
tiful park  of  its  age  in  the  world,  and,  even  leaving  the  matter  of  age  out  of  the  question,  it  is  doubtful  if  any  jiark 
can  be  found  to  surpass  it  in  features  of  natural  and  artificial  beauty.  The  admission  must  be  made  that  its  fea- 
tures of  natural  beauties  were  few.  They  were  mainly  bowlders  and  swamps.  But  engineering  science  came  into 
the  field,  and  the  results  have  been  those  that  the  story  of  Aladdin  suggested  to  us,  or  that  might  have  occurred  in 
the  twinkling  of  a  brilliant  dream.  It  may  truthfully  be  said  there  is  no  more  beautiful  or  attractive  spot  on  earth. 
The  Park  has  outgrown  its  faults  of  juvenescence.  Its  trees  may  not  be  as  noble  in  the  grandeur  of  age  as  those 
which  line  the  avenues  that  lead  up  to  the  ancestral  castles  plentiful  in  Europe ;  the  country  is  not  old  enough  for 
that;  but  what  wonders  a  few  years  can  accomplish  have  been  accomplished  in  and  by  the  Central  Park.  It  has 
trees  that  need  not  be  ashamed  to  show  what  they  can  do  in  the  sub  kf/mine  fogi  line  of  business.  The  shrub- 
beries are  as  luxuriant  as  any  at  Sydenham  or  Chatsvvorth.  The  lakes  arc  more  artistically  laid  out  and  bordered 
than  in  any  rival  place  of  the  kind.  The  architectural  decorations  are  beyond  comparison,  while  the  practical  ac- 
commodations for  the  public  have  never  been  approached.  In  summer,  verdant  with  every  shade  of  green,  it  is 
glorious,  and  in  winter  it  has  attractions  that  only  those  who  have  enjoyed  them  know.  Nothing  could  possibly 
be  so  delightful  as  a  moonlight  night's  skating  on  its  frozen  sheets  of  water,  unless  it  were  a  summer  evening's 
music-festival  upon  its  emerald  swards.  To  come  down  to  mechanical  details  about  the  Park's  dimensions  is  more 
than  ought  to  be  expected.     Suppose  it  docs  commence  at  Fifty-ninth  Street  and  extend  to  One-hundred-and-tcnth, 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


ia  that  to  be  allowed  to  inter- 
fere with  the  little  touch  of 
romance  one  feels  about  it? 
Why  should  one's  illusion  of 
its  illimitable  vastness  be  cir- 
cumscribed by  being  told  it  is 
thirteen  thousand,  five  hun- 
dred and  seven  feet,  nine  and 
four-tenths  inches,  in  length, 
and  twenty-seven  hundred  and 
eighteen  feet,  six  and  nine- 
tcnths  inches,  in  breadth,  mak- 
ing a  superficial  area  of  eight 
himdred  and  forty-three  acres? 
Why  speak  by  name  of  its  nu- 
merous gates,  when  everybody 
knows  by  this  time  how  to  get 
toil  and  into  it  ?  Why  speak 
more  fully  of  its  grottoes  and 
caverns  and  eyries  ?  Are  they 
not  known  to  the  multitude  of 
the  people  ?  And  the  mena- 
gerie !  well,  it  is  not  complete 
yet.  There  may  be  lions  of 
Africa  and  Bengal  tigers  and 
S  elephants  to  come  along  after 
Q  a  while ;  but  in  the  mean  time 
■|  wc  have  to  be  content  with 
t  numerous  waterfowl  and  such 
^  other  additions  as  foreign  and 
u  domestic  donors  may  supply. 
It  is  good  as  it  is,  and  future 
enterprise  will  make  it  better. 
In  a  very  few  years  there  will 
be  a  first-class  Zoological  Col- 
lection in  the  Central  Park. 

The  scene  presented  by  the 
numerous  fine  drives  of  the 
Park,  during  the  afternoons 
of  a  good  season,  is  a  brilliant, 
ever-changing  pageant,  quite 
as  varied  as  that  presented  by 
Rotten  Row  in  London,  and 
far  more  extensive.  The  finest 
teams  and  most  expensive  ve- 
hicles of  our  wealthy  classes 
are  mingled  with  cheap  hack- 
ney-coaches—  not  cheap  in 
price,  however — bearing  pleas- 
ure-parties of  smaller  means, 
but  equally  independent,  and 
strangers  from  the  hotels,  with 
now  and  then  a  rusty  old  ba- 
rouche, or  rockaway,  in  which 
some  old  farmer  of  Westches- 
ter, or  Jersey,  has  driven  into 


h  Lii  the}  have  heaid  and  read  so  much. 


NEW    YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Excepting  the  signs  of  heraldry — and  even  these  are  seen  at  times — the  turn-outs  of  our  commercial  princes 
and  wealthy  sporting-men  will  vie  in  completeness  and  splendor  with  those  of  the  nobility  of  Europe. 

In  fine  weather  the  elegant  turn-out  of  Commodore  Yanderbilt  is  often  a  striking  feature  on  the  road.  Dex- 
ter, the  king  of  the  trotting-turf,  with  Bonner  holding  the  ribbons,  may  be  seen  spurning  the  smooth  way,  and 
defiant  of  opposition.  Fellows's  incomparable  four-in-hand,  for  which  the  Emperor  Louis  Napoleon  is  said  to  have 
offered  a  great  sum,  also  frequently  graces  the  drive.     And  there  are  others  too  numerous  to  particularize. 

The  sporting-man  in  his  light  sulky  or  skeleton-wagon ;  the  successful  banker  with  his  lumbering  yet  resplend- 
ent coach,  and  liveried  footman  in  the  rear ;  open  carriages  filled  with  beautiful  and  fashionable  ladies  ;  the  foreign 
ambassador's  gilded  coach,  with  his  coat-of-arms  emblazoned  on-  the  panels ;  dashing  tandems  and  steeds  of 
world-wide  note ;  these  are  the  elements  of  the  brilliant  and  varied  scene,  and  the  most  animated  feature  of  Cen- 
tral Park. 


CHATHAM  STREET  AND    THE  BOWERY. 

Suppose  we  start  from  the  "  Tribune  Corner ''  (comer  of  Nassau  and  Spruce  Streets),  and,  leaving  the  grand, 
organ-like  Times  Building  in  our  rear,  proceed  northeasterly,  and  enter  Chatham  Street,  which,  with  the  Bowery, 
is  equally  as  characteristic  of  one  side  of  New- York  life  as  Broadway  is  of  the  other.  On  either  side  it  is  almost 
one  unbroken  line  of  Jew  clothiers,  jewellers,  and  mock-auction  shops.  Cheap  but  specious  articles  of  wearing 
apparel  are  suspended  in  mid-air  at  every  turn,  and  flap  their  invitation  to  the  unsophisticated.  Simpson's  (whose 
name  has  become  synonymous  to  metropolitan  ears  with  that  of  "Mine  Uncle")  is  just  to  the  right,  in  the  same 
place  where  it  was  first  established  nearly  fifty  years  ago,  and  a  little  above,  on  the  west  side,  is  the  veritable 
"  Original  Jacobs." 

We  do  not  proceed  far  up  the  long,  steep  grade  by  which  Chatham  Street,  or  Chatham  Square,  curves  into  the 
Bowery,  before  we  pass  the  building  that  was  once  Purdy's  National  Theatre — the  spectacles  and  rude  melo- 
dramas of  which  were  great  favorites  with  the  rougher  classes.  A  glance  across  the  way,  down  Mulberry,  Baxter, 
or  any  one  of  the  small,  filthy  little  streets  intersecting  the  Square  from  that  quarter,  will  give  us  a  glimpse  into 
the  Five  Points — still  retaining  many  of  their  loathsome,  vice-infested  tenement-house  characteristics — though  of 
late,  partly  through  the  action  of  the  authorities,  and  partly  through  the  efforts  of  several  benevolent  societies, 
this  infamous  locality  has  been  considerably  ventilated. 

The  tenement-houses  of  New  York  are.  in  many  respects,  unique  to  this  country,  and  to  this  city.  The  term 
"barracks,"  which  was  once  applied  to  them,  is  probably  the  best  term,  for  they  arc  simply  nothing  else.  The 
hand  of  improvement,  with  its  wedge  of  street  railroads,  its  smoke  of  the  factory-chimney,  and  its  brass-buttoned, 
blue-coated  representative  of  "  law  and  order,"  has  thinned  them  out  considerably  from  the  purlieus  of  Five 
Points  and  Cow  Bay  ;  but  all  through  the  odorous  region  of  "  Maekerelville,"  for  many  long  and  monotonous 
blocks,  on  all  the  alphabetical  avcnuefi  on  the  east  side  of  the  city,  and  elsewhere,  the  tenement-house  lifts  its 
towering  head  of  from  five  to  eight  stories  above  the  neighboring  buildings,  and  the  system  has  grown  more  com- 
pact and  representative  in  its  way  than  ever  before. 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


In  a  regular  tcneracnt-house  neighborhood,  in  the  vicinity  of  Uie  well  itnown  Baxter  and  Pearl  Streets,  for 
instance,  our  system  of  .stowing  away  our  poor  out  of  sight  may  bo  studied  to  very  good  advantage.  The  picture 
arises  vividly  before  ai\y  one  whose  business  or  curiosity  lias  led  him  frequently  into  such  a  vile  haunt  of  poverty 
and  cviiiu'. 

Tlie  narrow  street  or  alley  reaching  between  the  high  walls  of  windows,  dirtily  tiered  ono  row  above  the  other, 
is  more  like  a  tunnel  than  a  thoroughfare.  It  is,  indeed,  a  stray  gleam  of  sunshine  that  ever  glances  its  way^ 
down  these  dingy  walls  to  the  reeking  street  below ;  yet  little  children  are  playing  in  it — tossing  oystcr-.shells, 
and  throwing  stones  at  a  dead  kitten,  which  has  been  flung  from  the  door  of  a  near  grog-shop,  and  three  or  four 
men  and  women  are  quarrelling  noisily. 

All  of  the  tiers  of  windows  that  are  not  broken  are  dirty.  Uere  and  there  a  slovenly  woman  lolls  lazily  out, 
gazing  listlessly,  or  swearing  at  some  child  that  may  be  going  beyond  the  limits  of  parental  instructions  on  the 
curb  of  the  street.     Some  of  the  windows  are  broken,  and  filled  in  with  blankets  and  old  hats. 

Stretched  across  this  narrow,  tunnel-like  street,  arc  lines  of  ragged,  clean-washed  clothes  hung  out  to  dry, 
which  by  no  means  remind  the  beholder  of  the  "  groves  "  wherein  John  Chivery  sat  and  bewailed  his  unrequited 
affection  for  Little  Dorrit.  In  the  broader  street  below,  there  is  as  motley  and  interesting  a  throng  as  ever  in- 
spired the  peculiar  genius  of  a  Hogarth  or  a  Dickens.  Hucksters'  wagons  are  retailing  fish,  frowsy  vegetables, 
and  woebegone  fruit.  'Longshoremen  out  of  employment,  thieves  "  off  duty,"  half-drunken  slatterns  reeling  toward 
their  rooms  with  precious  flasks  of  gin ;  little  children  prematurely  pinched  and  aged,  looking  painfully  like 
dwarfed  old  men  and  women — are  the  human  elements  of  the  vile  neighborhood.  The  picture  is  not  a  pleasant 
one  to  dwell  upon,  but  it  is  a  part  of  New-York  life,  and  no  portraiture  of  the  city  would  be  complete  without  it. 

The  sidewalks  of  Chatham  Street  are  crowded  at  all  times  during  the  day  and  evening,  but  in  the  afternoon^ 
at  six  o'clock— when  the  work-people  (men,  women,  boys,  and  girls,  with  the  latter  in  the  predominance)  are 
going  homeward  from  their  emplojTnent  in  the  down-town  manufactories  and  printing  establishments — they 
present  a  close,  compact  stream  of 
humanity,  which  is  quite  surprising 
Many  of  the  work-girls  have  pleasing 
and  often  beautiful  features,  but  it 
is  painful  to  notice  the  freedom 
with  which  some  of  them  are  will 
ing  to  bandy  rude  and  indelicate 
jests  with  the  opposite  sex;  of  the 
same  class. 

The  darker  feature  of  this  noto 
rious  thoroughfare — and  of  man) 
portions  of  the  Bowery,  likewise — 
is  the  infamous  chain  of  under 
ground  "Concert  Saloons,"  which 
are  nothing  less  than  brothels  of 
the  vilest  character.  In  these  hole> 
of  irretrievable  sin,  which  extend  in 
hideous  clusters  down  William  Street 
as  well,  girls — some  of  them  almost 
children — poor,  despairing,  ignorant 
wretches,  hopelessly  lost  to  heaven 
and  the  world,  slowly  rot  and  festei 
to  the  grave  ;  and  as  yet  no  earnc^^t 
efforts  have  been  made  by  the  polic 
authorities  to  eradicate  them. 

Chatham  Square  is  the  broad,  sp; 
cious  place  at  the  summit  of  tl, 
hill,  where  it  is,  intersected  by  tli 
Bowery,  East  Broadway,  Olivei 
Street,  and  the  New  Bowery.  A 
portion  of  it  to  the  right  has  long 
been  a  favorite  hack-stand,  and  fit 
teen  or  twenty  of  these  vehicles  are 
almost  constantlv  to  be  seen  there. 


A'^EW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Old   Bowery  Th 


Of  the  several  lines  of  railway  that 
sweep  up  the  hill  to  enter  the  Bowery 
or  East  Broadway,  the  Third  Avenue 
line  is  the  most  important.  It  is 
the  longest  and  richest  in  the  city, 
and  its  traffic  is  probably  double  that 
of  any  other  company. 

Crossing  the  Square,  we  enter  the 
crowded  Bowery,  with  its  continuous 
rows  of  shops  of  every  description, 
its  characteristic  show-cases,  fruit 
and  cigar  stands,  its  cheap  bar-rooms 
and  oyster-saloons,  and  its  perpetual, 
varied  human  tide. 

The  first  edifico  which  attracts 
attention  is  the  Old  Bowery 
\tie.  It  occupies  the  site  upon 
h  three  theatres  have  been  suc- 
i\cly  burnt  and  rebuilt.  The 
1  c  ent  structure  is  of  the  Doric  or- 
dei  of  architecture,  and,  with  its 
Inige,  columnar  front,  presents  an 
impo'-mg  appearance.  From  the 
'juhlmie — if  any  be  inspired — to  the 
ridiculous,  however,  is  a  remarkably 
mmble  step  as  soon  as  one  glances 
at  the  gaudy  daubs  which  flaunt,  like 
banners  of  burlesque,  from  the  col. 
umns,  and  which  are  supposed  to  be  truthful  delineations  of  the  stage  within.  Here,  for  instance,  a  red- 
and-yellow  Robert  Macaire  is  represented  as  being  hurled  to  the  earth  by  a  sky-blue  animal  resembling  a  cross 
between  a  wolf  and  a  wild-boar.  Another  represents  a  lordly,  high-born  youth,  resembling  a  Water  Street  rat- 
fancier,  rushing  to  the  relief  of  a  dark-green  fat  girl,  who  is  about  being  carried  down  a  rope-ladder  by  a  crimson- 
colored  corsair,  with  a  violet  nose ;  and  the  remainder  are  of  the  same  character. 

Nearly  opposite  the  Old  Bowery  is  the  New- York  Stadt  Theatre.  It  is  a  handsome  edifice  externally,  and  the 
interior  is  roomy  and  commodious.  There  is  generally  an  excellent  stock  company  employed,  and  at  certain  sea- 
sons of  the  year  the  establishment  is  largely  patronized  by  our  German  population. 

Immediately  above,  and  adjoining  the  Old  Bowery,  is  the  Atlantic  Garden,  or  Music-Hall.  Being  the  largest 
and  most  frequented  of  its  class,  a  brief  description  will  serve  as  a  type  of  those  German  halls  and  saloons  which 
are  so  characteristic  of  the  thoroughfare.  The  front  portion  of  the  vast  hall  is  occupied  by  the  bar  and  lunch- 
counter  ;  the  entire  floor  is  taken  up  by  the  beer-tables ;  and  from  a  gallery  in  the  rear  a  brass  band  at  intervals 
discourse  their  strains. 

At  certain  periods  of  the  evening — say,  at  the  close  of  the  adjoining  theatrical  performance — the  interior  of 
the  hall  presents  a  scene  inconceivably  animated  and  festive.  The  bars  and  counters  are  thronged  with  men  ; 
men,  women,  and  children — mostly  German — fill  the  multitude  of  small  tables,  laughing  and  talking  over  their 
Rhine  wine  and  beer  ;  the  white-aproned  waiters  run  hither  and  thither,  almost  distracted,  and  clutching  the  han- 
dles of  ten  or  twelve  glasses  at  the  same  time  ;  while,  over  all,  the  loud,  strong  music  breathes  its  revelling  strains. 
There  are  a  large  number  of  fine  business  buildings  on  the  Bowery,  and  among  these  may  be  mentioned  the 
Citizens'  Savings  Bank,  at  the  corner  of  Canal  Street  and  the  Bowery,  and  the  Bowery  Savings  Bank,  at  No.  loO. 
The  Mechanics  and  Traders'  Savings  Bank,  No.  283,  is  also  a  handsome  building,  worthy  something  more 
than  a  passing  glance. 

Though  less  brilliant  than  Broadway,  the  Bowery,  in  its  variety  of  character  and  scene,  is  more  truly  picturesque. 
Looking  from  some  slightly  elevated  position  at,  say,  the  corner  of  Canal  Street,  north — with  perhaps  an  his- 
torical recollection  of  the  old  Dutch  days  when  Governor  Stuyvesant's  "  Bowerie  Farm  "  crowned  the  upper  ex- 
tremity— the  prospect  is  lively  and  interesting  in  the  extreme.  The  long  lines  of  shop-windows,  the  multitude 
and  variety  of  signs  on  either  side,  embracing  almost  every  symbol  of  business  from  a  painted  parasol  to  the  three 
golden  balls  of  the  Lombard  usurer ;  flags  and  streamers  waving  from  the  house-tops,  the  street-ears  and  other 
vehicles  rumbling  through  the  thoroughfare ;  and  faces,  faces,  faces,  young  and  old,  male  and  female,  false  and 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


true,  passing  and  repassing,  loun-ing  luul  luirrying  along  the  teeming  sidewalks ;  all  these  form  some  of  the  ele- 
ments of  the  remarkable  picture. 

The  noble  brown-stone  ecUfiee  so  boldly  prominent  at  the  head  of  the  Bowery,  where  the  little  cape  of  greenery 
splits  it,  upon  one  side,  into  Third,  on  the  other  into  Fourth  Avenue,  is  the  Cooper  Institute. 

It  was  erected  by  Mr.  Peter  Cooper,  of  New  York,  for  the  moral,  intellectual,  and  physical  improvement  of  his 
countrymen.  The  basement  is  almost  entirely  taken  up  by  the  large  hall,  or  lecture-room,  wherein  have  been 
held  hundreds  of  political  mass-meetings,  and  which  has  echoed  to  the  eloquence  of  the  magnates  of  almost  every 
political  faith.  The  ground  floor  is  occupied  by  stores  and  offices,  and  the  Institute  proper,  or  the  "  Union,"  com- 
mences with  the  third  story.  This  story  contains  an  exhibition-room  one  hundred  and  twenty-Qve  feet  long  by 
eighty-two  broad.  The  fourth  story  is  a  system  of  galleries,  and  with  alcoves  for  works  of  art.  Two  large  Icc- 
turc-rooms  and  the  library  occupy  the  fifth  story.  The  library  is  entirely  free,  is  an  excellent  one,  and,  with  its 
reading-room,  has  been  productive  of  great  good  among  all  classes  of  the  community.  The  building  cost  about 
$300,000,  and  the  annual  income  from  the  rented  parts  is  nearly  $30,000. 

While  in  this  neighborhood,  we  must  spare  time  to  consider  the  Bible  House,  which  stands  immediately  op- 
posite the  Cooper  Union,  on  Eighth  Strest.  This  mammoth  structure,  by  far  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  world, 
occupies  three  acres  of  ground,  being  the  entire  block  bounded  by  Eighth  and  Ninth  Streets,  and  Third  and  Fourth 
Avenues.  Somewhat  triangular  in  form,  it  fronts  one  hundred  and  ninety-eight  feet  on  Fourth  Avenue,  ninety-six 
on  Third  Avenue,  two  hundred  and  two  on  Eighth  Street,  and  two  hundred  and  thirty-two  on  Ninth  Street.  It  is 
built  of  red  brick,  with  stone  facings,  and  cost  something  over  $300,000.  A  large  portion  of  the  interior  is 
divided  into  offices,  the  ground  floor  being  occupied  by  shops  and  stores  ;  and  the  rest  is  devoted,  by  the  Society, 
to  the  publishing  of  bibles.  They  have  printed  the  Scriptures  in  twenty-four  different  dialects,  and  distributed 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  copies  in  every  part  of  the  United  States,  supplying  prisons,  jails,  and  other  institutions 
for  the  reformation  or  punishment  of  crime,  with  thousands  of  copies  gratuitously,  and  have  undoubtedly  effected 
much  good.  The  receipts  of  the  Society  since  the  year  of  its  organization  (181G)  have  been  between  $5,000,000 
and  $0,000,000.  About  six  hundred  and  twenty-five  persons  are  employed  in  the  Bible  House  when  in  full  opera- 
tion, and  the  various  printing,  pre.5S,  and  book-binding  departments  are  yearly  visited  by  hundreds  of  strangers. 


THE    WHARVES  AND    PIERS. 

Being  an  island,  and  a  singularly-shaped  one  at  that,  New  York  has  the  conveniences  for  a  greater  extent  of 
wharfage  than  any  city  in  the  world,  and  a  stroll  around  this  water-belt  of  commerce,  if  it  may  so  be  termed,  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  that  can  be  made  by  the  visitor  desiring  to  make  himself  acquainted  with  the  metropolis. 

No  costly  or  elegant  structures,  no  massive  masonry  will  surprise  us  upon  this  tour.  We  shall  find  most  of 
the  wharves  very  rotten,  very  dirty,  very  dilapidated,  but  generally  animated  and  picturesque.  Indeed,  all  the 
debris  of  the  town  seems  to  wash  down  and  settle  on  this  outer  rim  of  the  city. 

Luckily  there  is  a  railroad  belting  the  city,  and  we  may  ride  or  walk,  as  we  please.  Beginning  at  the  upper 
extremity  of  the  town  on  the  North  River  side,  the  first  impression  created  is  that  of  newness  and  confusion. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Wc  find  a  few  wharves  jutting  out  into  the  stream,  and  large  enclosed  basins  filled  up  with  discarded  rubbish, 
uniting  with  the  mixed  deposits  of  the  sewers. 

We  will  start,  for  instance,  on  the  North  River  side  at,  say,  the  foot  of  Fifty-ninth  Street — the  southern  boun- 
dary of  Central  Park.  At  this  point,  the  cars  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  thunder  along  almost  at.  the  water's 
edge,  and,  a  little  above,  the  river-shore  partakes  more  of  the  character  of  a  pleasant  beach  than  of  the  systemat- 
ically erected  borders  of  a  great  mart. 

The  rough-plank  hovels  crowning  the  brown  rocks,  which  still  present  a  bold  front  against  the  march  of  im- 
provement, arc  mainly  occupied  by  Irish  laborers.  The  interior  of  one  of  them  would  present  a  scene  very  near- 
ly assimilating  that  of  a  cabin  among  the  bogs  of  the  Emerald  Isle,  with  the  pig  in  the  parlor,  and  every  other 
element. 

Schooners  and  sloops,  freighted  with  bricks,  lumber,  and  produce,  are  skimming  up  and  down  the  noble 
stream,  and,  far  on  the  other  side,  a  graceful  yacht  or  two  may  be  seen  rising  and  falling  gently,  almost  in  the 
shadow  of  the  Palisades. 

Passing  down,  and  skirting  the  vast  lumber-}'ards — which  for  many  blocks  form  a  striking  trait  of  this  quar- 
ter of  the  city,  and  whose  controlling  interests  have,  perhaps,  caused  the  demolition  of  ibrcsts  in  Maine,  and  the 
divestment  of  many  a  pine-clothed  slope  of  the  Adirondacks  and  the  Catskills — we  soon  approach  the  roar  and 
bustle  of  the  city. 

The  crazy  little  ferry-house  at  the  foot  of  Forty-second  Street  is  that  of  the  Weehawken  Ferry  Company,  run- 
ning boats  every  fifteen  minutes  to  the  cluster  of  taverns  and  lager-bier  gardens  at  the  foot  of  the  highlands  op- 
posite. It  has  been  the  theatre  of  many  a  wild  scene  between  the  police  and  the  "  roughs,"  when  the  latter  have 
endeavored  to  cross,  early  in  the  morning,  to  engage  in  their  favorite  pastime  of  prize-fighting.  In  the  waiting- 
room,  there,  the  notorious  "  Billy  Mulligan  " — who  was  said  to  have  had  "  pistol  on  the  brain  " — shot  a  fellow- 
rounder  through  the  shoulder ;  and,  to  go  back  Imtorkalhi,  it  was  from  near  this  very  point  that  Alexander  Ham- 
ilton passed  to  the  fatal  duel  with  Aaron  Burr,  on  the  heights  beyond. 

We  soon  arrive  in  a  neighborhood  which  may  be  interesting  to  the  gatherer  of  statistics,  but  which  is  at  the 
same  time  decidedly  unpleasant  to  the  olfactories.  This  is  the  region  where  the  soap-boilers,  fat-triers,  and 
bone-boilers  most  do  congregate,  and  whom  residence-owners  in  the  line  of  the  poisonous  smoke  and  gases  that 
sweep  over  the  city  have  in  vain  endeavored  to  drive  across  the  stream.  A  few  of  the  more  offensive  of  these 
factories  have  been  successfully  indicted  as  nuisances,  but  the  majority  still  hold  their  ground,  and  are  likely  to 
do  so  for  some  time  to  come. 

A  moment's  pause  beibre  we  proceed  down  the  avenue,  in  order  to  consider  the  piers  and  wharves  which  we 
have  been  passing. 


yaw  YORIC  ILLUSTRATED. 


Nearly  one  half  of  thcin  are  in  an  intolerably  dilapidated  and  filthy  condition.  A  long  promontory  of  swaying, 
half-rottcd  piles,  green  and  black  with  the  ooze  of  the  Powers  and  the  laving  of  the  tides ;  a  dead  dog  or  two  and 
other  carrion  swirling  at  their  base,  with  decayed  vegetables  tossed  from  passing  vessels;  a  tub-like  sloop  en- 
(Icavoriug  to  discharge  her  cargo  as  well  as  the  insecure  planking  will  permit ;  two  or  three  ragged  1)oys — "  wharf- 
mice'"  will  probably  best  describe  them,  since  the  other  rodent-compound  is  mostly  applied  to  wretches  of  a 
largergrowth— fishing  on' the  half-sunk'en  canal-boat  at  the  end  of  the  unsightly  structure ;  such  a  picture  will 
answer  for  more  than  one-half  of  the  almost  worthless  wharves  and  piers  extending  as  low  down  as  the  foot  of 
Christopher  Street— and  there  arc  riot  a  few  below  that  point  that  are  equally  as  bad.  A  gigantic  scheme  to  rem- 
edy this  evil  by  replacing  these  piers  by  iron  structures,  each  surmounted  by  a  five-story  iron  warehouse,  was 
brought  before  the  Legislature  a  few  years  ago,  but  for  some  reason  it  failed. 

The  large  open  space,  or  slip,  at  the  foot  of  Christopher  Street— the  principal  terminus  of  the  Iloboken  Ferry 
line — affords  an  agreeable  change  ;  and  we  have  also  reached  one  of  the  most  novel  water-scenes  presented  by  the 
metropolis  to  the  visitor  from  the  interior — the  oystcr-boals.  Water-shops  will  probably  more  clearly  describe 
them,  as  they  are  presented  to  the  reader  in  our  excellent  delineation. 

By  far  the  great  bulk  of  our  oyster-trade  is  transacted  through  these  floating  sheds,  some  of  whose  proprie- 
tors have  achieved  colossal  fortunes.  In  schooners,  sloops,  smacks,  and  every  description  of  craft,  the  luscious 
bivalves  are  brought  from  the  great  plantations  of  Trince's  Bay,  Raritan  River,  Shrewsbury,  etc ;  and  in  the  proper 
season  the  scene  presented  by  the  long  line  of  oyster-boats  is  one  well  worth  seeing. 

Continuing  our  stroll  further  down — with  teeming,  bustling  quays  to  our  right,  with  many  a  proud  steamship 
loading  or  unloading  at  their  verge,  and  so  many  bar-rooms  and  oyster-saloons  to  our  left  that  one  would  wonder 
how  they  managed  to  pay  expenses,  were  it  not  for  the  jostling  traffic  in  the  street  and  the  perpetual  stream  of 
life  along  the  side-walk — wc  soon  reach  the  fine  dock  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  at  the  foot  of  Canal 
and  Desbrosses  Streets,  where  is  also  located  the  bridge  of  the  Desbrosses  Street  branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Rail- 
road ferry-boats. 

If  we  go  out  to  the  extremity  of  the  open  pier  to  the  north,  our  attention  may  be  riveted  for  a  moment  by  a 
North  River  flotilla,  toiling  laboriously  up  or  down  the  stream.  This  consists  of  a  cluster  of  canal-boats,  rafts, 
and  other  lumbering  crafts,  with  a  little  tug  in  the  centre,  puffing  away  industriously,  and  looking  immeasurably 
insignificant  in  proportion  to  the  size  and  number  of  the  huge  vessels  which  it,  nevertheless,  bears  surely  and 
steadily  along.  These  steam-tugs  are  built  entirely  with  a  view  to  strength  and  steam-power,  and  the  work  which 
some  of  them  perform  is  surprising. 

A  few  steps  to  the  left,  along  North  Moore  Street,  would  afford  us  a  view  of  the  huge  and  unsightly  structure 
v.ith  which  the  Hudson  River  Railroad  Company  have  blotted  out  the  beautiful  St.  John's  Square,  which  was 
once  the  most  charming  feature  of  a  neighborhood  of  boarding-houses  ;  but,  preferring  to  keep  nearer  the  wharves, 
we  are  afforded  the  pleasure  of  a  view  of  a  North  River  and  a  Sound  steamer  sweeping  gallantly  and  majestically 
through  the  stream.  The  term  of  "  floating-palace  "  is,  indeed,  appropriately  applicable  to  these  noble  vessels — 
among  the  finest  and  most  magnificent  in  the  world. 

We  are  now  fairly  in  the  heart  of  the  great  produce  trade,  which  monopoUzes  West  Street  from  Canal  Street 
to  the  Battery,  and  most  of  the  intersecting  streets  as  far  back  as  Greenwich  Street. 

This  makes  the  contrast  between  West  Street  nnd  the  Ea?1  River   fide  very  di-tiiict  ;    for  while  the  h.Wrr  is 


JVEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Washington    Market— Outside    Street    Seen 


chiefly  marked  by  the  heavy  importations  from  abroad,  the  prevailing  feature  of  the  North  River  thoroughfare  is 
its  commerce  with  the  rural  districts  and  the  great  West.  Flour,  meal,  butter,  eggs,  cheese,  meats,  poultry,  fish, 
cram  the  tall  warehouses  and  rude  sheds,  teeming  at  the  water's  edge,  to  their  fullest  capacity.  Fruit-famed, 
vegetable-renowned  Jersey  pours  four-fifths  of  its  products  into  this  lap  of  distributive  commerce  ;  the  river-hug- 
ging counties  above  contribute  their  share,  and  car-loads  come  trundling  in  from  the  West  to  feed  this  perpetually 
hungry  maw  of  the  Empire  City. 

The  concentration  of  this  great  and  stirring  trade  is  to  be  met  with  at  Washington  Market. 
This  vast  wooden  structure,  with  its  numerous  out-buildings  and  sheds,  is  an  irregular  and  unsightly  one,  but 
presents  a  most  novel  and  interesting  scene  within  and  without.  The  sheds  are  mainly  devoted  to  smaller  stands 
and  smaller  sales.  Women  with  baskets  of  fish  and  tubs  of  tripe  on  their  heads,  lusty  butcher-boys  lugging 
halves  and  quarters  of  beef  or  mutton  into  their  carts,  pedlars  of  every  description,  etc.,  tend  to  amuse  and  be- 
wilder at  the  same  time  ''om&  of  the  produce  dealers  and  broker^,  who  occupv  the  little  box-like  shanties  facing 
the  market  from  the  ii\ci,  do  i  bu-ino-^>  almost  is  lirgc  as  in\  of  the  neighboring  merchants  boasting  their  fivc- 
storv  warehou'se^ 

-    _-=-=j:»  ^-  _  The  interior  of  the  market  is 

^^  ilso  well  worth  a  visit.  AVashing- 

<r"'^k  ■^X~~~-\     ton  Market  is  so  celebrated  for 

-  \  ■* -J^  ^     f  •       ,  *  -^        I      .      .     .,  the  gencril  excellence  of  its  meat 

Hid  \Lgetibles,  that  it  is  contin- 
uilh  rc-oited  to  by  the  most 
iii^touttic  families  on  the  west 
M.lo 

Pis-ing   down,    a    few   steps 

■~cne  to   tike  us  to  the  ferry- 

hou-cs  of    the   New   Jersey   and 

Washington  Market-intenor  the  ^c^^  Jersey  Central  Railroads, 

iit  the  fuut  uf  Corilaudi  and  LiueiLj  isiiueus  respecuvely — having  passed,  on  our  way  ihiiher,  the  handsome  hou-'^c 

of  the  Pavonia  Ferry,  connecting  with  the  Erie  Railroad  from  the  foot  of  Chambers  Street. 

The  boats  of  the  two  former  companies  are  by  far  the  largest  and  finest  in  the  world,  and,  just  after  the  arrival 
of  one  of  the  Philadelphia  trains,  present  an  imposing  appearance,  as  they  sweep  grandly  into  their  docks,  the 
forward  decks  alive  with  an  army  of  veritable  carpet-baggers  of  both  sexes.     The  scene  at  night,  with  the  few 


NEW    YORK  ILLUSTRATICD. 


North    River    and    Sound    Steamboats. 


lights  glittering  from  the  pilot-house  aud  cabins,  and  the  huge  mass  heaving  in  toward  the  swashing  piers,  is 
equally  imposing. 

Fifty-two  regular  lines  of  steamers  have  their  landings  at  the  North  River  piers — mostly  between  Canal  Street 
and  the  Battery.  We  have  passed  a  score  or  more  of  them  on  our  way  down,  taking  in  or  discharging  freight, 
and  these,  with  the  innumerable  sailing-craft,  contribute  to  make  West  Street,  with  the  exception  of  Broadway, 
probably  the  most  crowded  and  bustling  thoroughfare  of  the  metropolis. 

Skirting  the  Battery,  with  the  wide  bay  in  view,  glancing  at  its  passing  vessels,  its  anchored  ships,  and  crossing 
the  roaring  mouths  of  Broadway  and  Wliitehall,  we  turn  the  point  of  the  triangular-shaped  island,  and  emerge 
into  the  East  River.  , 

The  first  thing  that  greets  us  is  a  wide  area  of  canal-boats.  Here  the  vast  traffic  of  the  Erie  Canal  centres. 
These  canal-boats  come  down  the  North  River,  twenty  or  thirty  locked  together  fraternally,  and  in  tow  of  a 
steamer,  looking  like  great  floating  islands.  Flour  and  grain  are  the  main  products ;  and  these  we  find  to  the 
right  and  left  of  us.  Warehouses  are  filled  to  repletion  with  them.  Wharves  and  covered  platforms  are  piled 
high  with  them.  Laden  trucks  are  coming  and  going,  bending  under  them.  We  pass  on,  and  enter  the  do- 
main of  the  great  ships.  It  is  a  forest  of  masts — an  old  simile,  but  strikingly  true.  Here  are  the  great  mer- 
chantmen, the  ships  that  sail  to  the  Indies,  that  penetrate  the  China  Sea,  that  follow  the  sun  in  its  course.  Here 
are  the  true  old  salts,  the  Captains  Cuttle  and  Bunsby,  the  ancient  mariners  of  song  and  story. 

How  puny  seem  the  majority  of  the  sailing-crafts  we  have  just  been  viewing  on  the  other  side,  in  compar- 
ison with  these  leviathans  of  the  deep,  which  for  miles  and  miles  of  wharf  and  dock  rock  with  languid  majesty  on 
the  billows  of  the  tide  !  Lofty  clippers,  stanch  but  rugged  from  the  tempests  of  Cape  Horn ;  three-masted  schoon- 
ers from  Burmuda  and  the  luxurious  islets  of  the  Spanish  main ;  ships  and  barks  from  the  sleepy  Levant,  lifting 
their  tall  prows  above  the  piers  almost  as  high  as  the  roofs  of  some  of  the  adjacent  warehouses ;  with  a  foreign 
man-of-war  riding  at  anchor  in  the  stream  ;  forty  smaller  craft,  a  dozen  tugs,  and  twenty  ferry-boats,  almost  con- 
stantly afloat — is  the  largest  feature  of  this  wilderness  of  masts. 

Pressing  our  way  through  the  throngs  of  hurrying  merchants  and  brokers,  rolling  sailors,  and  prying  sharp- 
ers, and  through  the  rows  of  fruit  and  Cheap-Jack  stands  that  Une  the  cumbered  sidewalk  on  either  side,  we 
pass  the  handsome  ferry-house  at  the  foot  of  Wall  Street,  and  a  few  steps  further  bring  us  to  Fulton  Ferry,  with 
its  famous  market. 

It  was  built  in  1821,  at  a  cost  of  a  quarter  of  a  million,  and  receives  the  produce  of  the  East,  as  Washington 
Market  does  of  the  West.  The  interior,  in  one  respect,  at  least,  differs  from  its  rival  of  the  west  side,  and  that 
is  in  its  vast  system  of  oyster  saloons  and  stands  which  are  of  world-wide  fame,  and  frequently  tempt  a  visit  from 
members  of  the  fashionable  world  by  their  excellence. 

Peck,  Coenties,  and  the  other  Slips,  now  the  scene  of  a  heavy  shipping  and  importing  trade,  present  several 
old  buildings  of  historical  interest. 
6 


42 


XFIV  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


As  we  resume  our  stroll  along  South  Street,  we  pass  a  group  of  lively-looking  fishing-smacks,  riding  at  anchor 
in  the  water-slip,  or  discharging  their  finny  treasures  at  the  pier.  Some  of  them  are  fresh  from  the  fisheries  oft' 
Barnegat,  Long  Branch,  and  the  Cholera  Banks,  and,  among  the  baskets  filled  with  the  shiners  they  have  cap- 
tured from  the  sea,  one  may  easily  distinguish  the  porgy,  the  black-fish,  the  sea-bass,  the  blue-fish,  the  Spanish- 
mackerel  (last,  but  best),  and  numerous  other  varieties,  which  grace  the  tables  of  our  epicures,  and  contribute 
largely  to  appease  the  fifteen  hundred  thousand  appetites  of  New  York  and  its  suburbs. 

After  passing  Roosevelt,  Hunter's  Point,  and  Catharine  Street  Ferries,  we  are  next  lost  in  wonder  while  con- 
templating the  system  of  Dry  Docks.  Marvellously  crazy,  rotten,  twisted,  unsightly  objects  these  dry  docks  are. 
Great  ships  are  lifted  up  in  them  naked  and  unseemly,  while  scores  of  busy  workmen,  with  oakum,  and  tar,  and 
copper,  hang  about  their  green,  slimy,  water-eaten  bottoms.  This  whipping  up  a  tall  ship  into  these  great  altitudes 
is  startling ;  the  dock  that  supports  it  looks  so  frail  and  rickety,  while  the  ship  towers  so  ominously  above  you. 
These  docks  extend  many  squares,  and  then  we  approach  the  ship-yards.  Alas  !  they  are  empty.  Ko  more  the 
"  clamors  of  clattering  hammers  "  salute  the  ear.  A  few  "  gnarled  and  crooked  cedar  knees  "  he  piled  about,  a 
few  timbers  with  idle  urchins  playing  about  them,  and  this  is  all  we  see  of  the  great  industry  that  once  reared  so 
many  goodly  vessels  "  that  should  laugh  at  all  disaster."  American  ship-building  has  almost  passed  out  of  ex- 
istence, for  various  reasons.     Hurrying  by  these  extensive  3ards,  we  dravt'  near  the  great  iron-founderies. 

The  "Novelty  Iron  Works"  are  famous,  we  believe,  everywhere.  Not  only  have  there  been  built  here  the 
huge  boilers  and  ponderous  engines  of  many  an  ocean  steamer,  but  the  iron  sides  of  the  steamers  themselves 
have  been  fused,  and  cast,  and  shaped,  and  bolted,  and  built  on  this  spot.  You  note  your  approach  to  the  works 
by  the  overflow  of  superfluous  iron-ware.  Vast,  rusty,  propped-up  caverns  of  iron  confront  you ;  abandoned 
boilers,  big  enough  for  church-steeples,  encumber  all  the  highways  ;  smaller  fragments  of  iron,  of  manifold  mys- 
terious shapes,  lie  piled  up  on  every  curb-stone.  Then  appear  the  tall  walls,  the  great  chimneys,  and  all  the  hor- 
rible confusion  of  vast  work-yards  and  work-shops.  All  about  is  grimy  and  repulsive.  The  mud  is  black  with 
coal-dust ;  the  pools  of  water  dark  and  dismal ;  the  low,  rotten,  wretched  houses  clustering  about,  damp  and 
sooty :  all  the  faces,  and  all  the  walls,  and  all  the  posts,  and  every  object,  grimy  and  soiled ;  while  the  distracting 
din  of  innumerable  hammers,  "  closing  rivets  up,"  unites  in  rendering  the  whole  scene  purgatorial.    A  great  in- 


JVVi'll'    YORK  ILLl'STnATEl). 


Fishing-Smacks. 

(lustry,  a  great  power,  a  great  source  of  wealth,  no  doubt,  is  the  iron  interest,  but  the  manipulation  of  that  indis- 
pensable metal  has  abundant  harsh  and  discordant  features.  Beyond  the  Iron  Works  arc  more  ship-yards,  more 
ferries,  more  vessels,  with  wharf-building,  lot-filling,  dirt-dumping,  and  what-not — but  our  journey  may  as  well 
end.  Here  in  these  upper  precincts,  at  the  end  of  almost  every  wharf,  are  groups  of  naked  boys  sporting  and 
swimming  with  noisy  glee.  Somebody  declares  it  is  highly  immoral.  And  that's  a  pity !  All  along  the  shore 
have  been  numerous  vast  bonded  warehouses  we  have  scarcely  noticed.  The  teas,  cotton,  and  other  merchandise 
piled  in  these  is  almost  beyond  calculation.  Nor  have  we  glanced  at  the  opposite  Brooklyn  shore,  where  im- 
mense storehouses  are  erected,  and  crowds  of  vessels  are  loading  and  unloading.  These,  although  in  Brooklyn, 
belong  to  New  York. 

Our  wharves,  in  their  activity  and  bustle,  show  us  preeminently  a  commercial  city.  It  is  to  be  hoped  the 
time  will  come  when  a  series  of  noble  stone  docks,  commensurate  with  our  metropolitan  dignity,  will  surround 
the  city. 


TEE   SUBURBS. 

In  respect  to  number,  variety,  ease,  and  cheapness  of  access,  the  inducements  onbred  to  the  pleasure  or  fresh- 
air  seeker  of  the  metropolis  are  almost  unequalled. 

Mountain  and  valley,  stream  and  sea,  can  be  reached  in  an  hour  by  a  pleasant  ride  or  a  delightful  sail.  Game 
for  the  huntsman,  fish  for  the  angler,  gardens  for  the  convivial,  splendid  watering-places  for  the  rich  and  fash- 
ionable, leafy  quiet  and  green  seclusion  for  the  temporary  hermit  from  the  world  of  noisy  action — all  can  be 
secured  with  little  expenditure  and  loss  of  time.  And  all  are  eagerly  sought,  in  the  proper  season,  by  our  own 
citizens  and  the  thousands  of  strangers  who  throng  our  mammoth  hotels,  according  to  the  means  or  inclinations 
of  the  votary  of  pleasure. 

Let  us  first  "  do  "  Manhattan  Island  itself — for,  though  entirely  incorporated  in  the  city  of  Kew  York,  the 
northern  portion  possesses  enough  genuine  rusticity  to  satisfy  us  during  the  brief  period  we  may  consume  in  our 
careless  quest.  A  ride  of  three-quarters  of  an  hour  in  the  Third  Avenue  street-cars  will  bring  us  to  Sixty-eighth 
Street,  at  which  point  rises  the!  handsome  iron  Structure  of  the  railroad  company,  and,  turning  to  our  right,  we 
approach  the  leafy  coast  of  Lager  Bier. 

Landmann's  Park,  just  at  the  corner  of  the  avenue  and  the  street,  was  once  the  park  of  the  vicinity.  But 
pugilistic  exhibitions,  rowdy  picnics,  and  other  encroachments  of  the  muscular  elements,  slowly  drove  the  peace- 
ful German  toward  the  deeper-wooded  parks  that  throng  East  River  for  a  mile  or  more. 

At  the  junction  of  this  street  with  First  Avenue  comnjences  Jones's  Wood,  still  the  favorite  picnicking  resort 
of  the  masses  of  our  German  population,  and  others.  If  it  happens  to  be  a  day  of  some  great  festival,  such  as  the 
National  Siingerfest,  or  the  Schiitzen  corps,  the  road,  as  we  approach  the  entrance  to  the  Park,  will  bo  lined  with 


KEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


Jones's   Wood. 


booths,  pedlars,  mendicants,  and  execrable  street-musicians.  Happy  Teutons,  with  varihued  ribbons  and  gilt 
badges  on  their  coat-flaps,  dance  hither  and  thither,  glad  and  good-natured  in  their  "  little  brief  authority." 

The  throngs  pour  up  the  middle  of  the  road  and  along  the  earthen  sidewalks — men,  women,  and  children, 
with  the  irrepressible  baby  in  the  arms  of  the  father — and,  buying  our  ticket,  or  presenting  our  pass  at  the  gate, 
we  are  in  the  wood,  and  proceeding  up  the  cooll3--shaded  paths  toward  the  river-side. 

We  hear  the  crack  of  the  marksman's  rifle,  or  the  full,  deep-throated  German  chorus,  according  to  the  nature 
of  the  festival ;  and  the  sounding  harmonies  of  two  or  three  brass-bands,  no  matter  which  it  may  be. 

Then  we  see  the  hotel  and  the  great  wooden  pavilion,  overlooking  the  near-flowing  stream.  Then  we  arc 
among  the  dancing-stands,  the  beer-booths,  the  hobby-horse  platforms,  the  lofty  swings,  the  pistol-galleries,  the 
bowling-alleys,  and  the  four  or  five  thousand  merry-makers. 

Round  and  round  to  the  wild  waltz-music  skip  the  rosy,  robust  frauleins  and  gretchens  with  their  lovers  and 
their  beaux.  Skirts  are  flowing  and  laughter  ringing  from  the  rushing  swings.  Mounted  by  freshness  and  beauty, 
.the  hobby-horses  fleet  around  the  limits  of  their  little  arena;  the  kiss  of  balls  from  the  billiard  and  bagatelle 
tables,  their  roll  and  crash  from  the  bowling  alleys,  and  the  perpetual  clink,  clink  of  glasses  from  the  bars  and 
booths,  join  in  convivially  with  the  music  and  the  lisping  of  the  slippered  foot  of  the  dancer ;  and  a  stroll  of  but 
a  few  yards  down  to  the  steep  river-marge  gives  upon  the  swirling  stream,  with  Blackwell's  Island  immediately 
opposite,  schooners  winging  their  way  to  and  fro  in  the  intervening  currents,  with  perhaps  a  noble  steamer  or 
excursion-barge  from  the  Sound, 

Nearly  all  of  the  trades'  unions  and  benevolent  societies  hold  their  annual  picnics  at  this  place,  and  the  Cale- 
donian Society  have  celebrated  their  peculiar  games  here  for  a  number  of  years. 

We  can  proceed  Harlemward  by  either  the  Second  or  Third  Avenue  Railroad  line ;  and,  choosing  the  latter, 
because  it  also  takes  us  through  Yorkville — no  longer  distinct  from  either  the  main  city  or  Harlem — we  have,  on 
our  right,  a  view  of  the  river  and  its  island-chain,  with  the  intervening  flats  of  green  and  ooze,  which  must  ere 
long  be  entirely  filled  in  and  built  over;  and,  on  our  left,  the  cosy,  old-fashioned,  garden-girt  houses,  which,  years 
ago,  were  the  summer  homes  of  metropolitan  fashion  and  wealth.  The  broad  streets  of  Harlem  are  laid  out  at 
right  angles,  most  of  the  buildings  are  of  frame,  and  they  are  generally  indicative  of  neatness  and  unobtrusive 
thrift,  rather  than  of  pretension. 

The  new  Harlem  Bridge,  which  is  built  of  iron,  is  a  rather  clumsy-looking  structure,  and  has  cost  the  counties 
of  New  York  and  Westchester  about  double  what  it  should  have  done ;  but  it  is  certainly  an  immense  improve- 
ment over  the  rickety  old  wooden  affair  which  it  superseded.  Just  above  it  is  the  railroad  bridge,  over  which 
almost  constantly  trundle  the  trains  of  the  Harlem  River  and  New  Haven  Railroads. 

At  this  point  and  vicinity,  both  above  and  below  the  bridges,  a  large  number  of  boats  and  little  smacks  are 
constantly  moored  in  the  fishing  season,  and  a  pleasant  row  on  the  smooth  bosom  of  the  delightful  little  river 
may  be  enjoyed  at  a  small  expense.  These,  with  the  expansive  water-view  looking  toward  the  mouth  of  the 
stream,  with  the  salt,  seaweedy  smell  of  the  tides  as  they  wash  through  the  long  grasses  of  the  flats,  serve  to  ren- 
der the  place  picturesque  and  agreeable,  and  thousands  seek  the  vicinity,  by  boat  and  rail,  on  holidays  and  sum- 
mer Sundays. 

But  the  famous  High  Bridge  is  the  chief  object  of  our  quest  in  this  locality.     It  can  be  reached  in  Several 


iV£W   YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


46 


wavii— by  the  Harlem  River  excursion  steamers,  which  touch  at  several  East  River  slips  and  piers  on  their  way 
up  and  down  ;  by  a  small-boat,  if  you  care  for  a  two-mile  tug  at  the  oars ;  by  thn  Ilarlcm  Kiver  Railroad,  from 
the  company's  depot  on  the  corner  of  Twenty-sixth  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue;  or  by  a  five  or  nix  dollar  hack- 
drive,  through  Central  Park  and  the  roails  beyond. 

If  we  go  by  water,  we  -shall  pass  the  old-l'ashioned  tavern  and  grounds  of  McComb's  Dam — once  a  favorite 
halting-place  with  the  owners  of  fast  teams,  but  of  late  given  up  to  tlie  training  of  prize-fighters,  el  al.,  and  long 
since  cast  in  the  shade  by  the  more  opulent  and  fashionable  houses  on  the  other  side  of  the  stream.  As  we  pro- 
ceed up  the  river,  the  banks  on  either  side  grow  more  bold  and  precipitous,  and  a  single  turn  in  our  course  gives 
us  a  full  view  of  High  Bridge  itself. 

The  material  employed  in  erecting  this  magnificent  structure — the  most  important  connected  with  the  Croton 
Aqueduct — is  granite  throughout.  It  spans  the  whole  width  of  the  valley  and  river,  from  cliff  to  clilT,  at  a  point 
where  the  latter  is  six  hundred  and  twenty  feet  wide,  and  the  former  a  quarter  of  a  mile.  It  is  composed  of 
eight  arches,  each  with  a  span  of  eighty  feet,  and  the  elevation  of  the  arches  gives  one  hundred  feet  clear  of  the 
river  from  their  lower  side.  There  are,  besides  these,  a  number  of  arches  rising  from  the  ground,  with  an  average 
span  of  forty-five  feet  each.  The  water  is  led  over  the  bridge,  a  distance  of  one  thousand  four  hundred  and  fifty 
feet,  in  immense  iron  pipes,  as  great  in  diameter  as  the  stature  of  a  tall  man,  and  over  all  is  a  pathway  for  pedes- 
trians. On  the  lofty  bank  at  the  lower  extremity  of  the  bridge  is  situated  a  fine  hotel,  whose  airy  saloons  and 
broad  porticoes  arc,  in  pleasant  weather,  thronged  with  gentlemen  and  ladies,  refreshing  themselves  after  their 
drives.  The  grounds  in  the  rear  include  an  orchard  and  handsome  gardens,  while  verdant  lawns  slope  steeply  to 
the  water's  edge. 

The  road  crossing  the  New  Bridge  at  Harlem  leads  through  a  chain  of  little  Westchester  towns,  only  a  mile 
or  two  apart,  and  comprising  Mott  Haven,  Melrose,  Morrisania,  Tremont,  and  Fordham,  containing  many  pleasant 
residences,  and  f\ivorite  resorts  of  our  German  population,  on  account  of  their  numerous  beer  gardens  and  saloons. 
All  of  these  places  did  an  extraordinary  Sunday  business  during  the  rigorous  enforcement  of  the  Excise  Law. 

An  excursion  up  East  River,  as  far  as  Throgg's  Point,  sixteen  miles  from  the  city,  will  afTord  a  pleasing  and 
interesting  panorama  of  both  wave  and  shore. 

Passing  the  ship-thronged  wharves  and  docks  of  the  metropolis  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  Brooklyn  Xavy 
Yard  on  the  other,  we  soon  have  a  capital  view  of  Blackwell's,  Ward's,  and  Randall's  Islands,  with  their  imposing 
institutions  for  the  correction  or  alleviation  of  some  of  our  social  evils — one  or  two  of  them  the  most  complete 
edifices  of  their  kind  in  the  country — not  forgetting  a  passing  glance  at  the  grotesque  crazy  man's  fort  at  the 
upper  extremity  of  Blackwell's  Island — and,  rushing  through  the  swirling  waters  of  the  Gate,  the  pleasant  and 


NEW    YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


picturesque  villages  of  Astoria  and  Flushing 
are  soon  in  sight  upon  the  Long  Island 
shore.  The  academy  and  botanic  gardens 
of  the  former  are  worthy  a  visit,  and  an  in- 
teresting feature  of  its  location  is  the  sin- 
gular Trhirlpool  of  Hell  Gate,  which  is 
strongest  and  most  turbulent  at  this  point. 

Flushing,  at  the  entrance  of  Long  Island 
Sound,  also  contains  extensive  gardens, 
nurseries,  and  numerous  elegant  residences, 
and  may  be  reached,  by  boat,  twice  a  dav, 
from  the  dock  adjoining  the  Fulton  Ferry, 
as  well  as  much  oftener  by  rail. 

Continuing  our  sail  in  this  direction,  we 
arc  soon  off  Throgg's  Point.  This  is  the  ter- 
mination, at  Long  Island  Sound,  of  Throgg's, 
or  Throgmorton's  Neck,  and  from  the  sum- 
mit of  the  bold  headland,  which  divides  East 
River  from  the  Sound,  a  noble  prospect  is 
obtained.  The  little  archipelagoes  of  green 
and  rocky  islets  gleam  brightly  in  the  sun- 
shine, or  appear  and  disappear  strangely  in 
the  foggy  morning,  and,  with  the  broken  and 
wooded  Westchester  shore,  eight  or  ten  miles 
away,  form  a  sunrise  or  a  sunset  scene  in 
the  spring  or  fall  of  the  year,  which  has 
often  attracted  the  pencils  of  our  most  prom- 
inent sketchers.  The  fishing  among  these 
islands  is  also  most  excellent,  especially  for 
sea-bass  and  blackfish. 

Fort  Schuyler,  on  the  Point,  and  Pelham 
Bridge — both  interesting  and  romantic  lo- 
calities— may  likewise  be  embraced  in  this 
excursion. 

Let  us  now,  in  as  regular  order  as  we 
can  arrange  our  pleasure-search,  take  an 
excursion-boat  (there  are  any  number  of 
them  in  fine  weather)  at  one  of  the  lower 
North  River  piers,  and  breast  the  bosom 
of  the  glorious  Hudson,  world-famed  for  its 
matchless  scenery,  and  appropriately  styled 
the  Rhine  of  America.  The  reminiscences 
of  our  Revolutionary  struggle  hallow  its 
dark  waters,  and,  all  along  its  craggy 
shores,  quaint  legendary  lore  is  mingled 
with  memories  of  the  heroic  deeds  of  our 
forefathers. 

Its  elegant  aquatic  palaces — the  steam- 
ers plying  between  the  metropolis  and  the 
towns  and  cities  along  its  wild  and  lovely 
shores — are  unequalled  for  magnificence 
and  completeness.  As  our  vessel  quits  the 
dock,  we  first  pass  the  Elysian  Fields  of 
Hoboken,  Weehawken  Bhiif,  and  Bergen 
Heights,  on  the  west,  and  the  long 
Hne  of  city  wharves  and  factories  on  the 
east. 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.  47 

A  litllc  further  up  rises  Fort  Leo,  a  rocky  bluft"  which  commences  the  Palisades,  extending  some  twenty-five 
or  thirty  milcii  up  the  river,  and  then  strildng  inland.  Fort  Lee  has  of  late  become  a  favorite  rcHort  of  cxcur- 
sionists  and  picnic  parties.  It  has  a  fine  hotel,  and  the  .surrounding  scenery  contain.s  all  the  enchantment  of 
i()ml)ined  ruggcdness  and  beauty.  On  the  opposite  shore  is  still  to  be  seen  the  i.sland  of  Manhattan,  which  on 
thi.s  side  ruus^up  into  the  long,  rocky  point  terminating  at  Spuyten  Duyvcl  Creek. 

The  western  shore  is  of  the  tertiary  formation,  while  the  island  is  composed  of  priniilive  granite.  Among 
other  public  buildings  to  be  seen  garnishing  the  edge  of  the  latter,  as  we  proceed  up  the  river,  are  the  Orphan 
Asvlum  and  the  Lunatic  Asylum. 

Mauhattanville  is  next  visible,  embosomed  in  a  soft  valley,  and  surrounded  by  lulls.  This  was  the  home  of 
Audubon,  the  celebrated  naturalist. 

Next  comes  CarmansviUe,  a  cluster  of  rural  residences,  nine  miles  from  the  city  proper,  and  a  favorite  with 
New-Yorkers  as  a  suburban  retreat. 

Fort  Washington,  a  bold  and  rocky  height,  fraught  with  Revolutionary  associations,  springs  before  us,  a  mile 
further  up.  This  place,  now  presenting  a  large  number  of  elegant  country  seats,  was  the  scene  of  a  sanguinary 
encounter  with  the  invading  army,  in  which  the  Americans  lost  some  two  thousand  prisoners. 

We  are  now  fairly  among  the  Palisades,  those  irregular  walls  of  trap-rock,  springing  in  rude,  stern  columns 
from  Nature's  hand,  and  forming  lofty  precipices  at  the  river's  brink  on  either  side.  They  are  indescribably 
wild  and  beautiful.  In  some  places  may  be  seen,  poised  aloft,  enormous  masses  of  rock,  apparently  just  trem- 
bling on  the  fall,  and  whose  foil,  it  would  seem,  might  cause  the  solid  globe  itself  to  quiver  to  its  base.  Hardy 
stunted  trees  cling  to  the  bare  ledges  and  corrugated  sides  with  their  grapnel-roots ;  wild-flowering  vines  some- 
times twine  the  dark  rocks  almost  to  their  dizzy  summits  ;  and  now  and  then  a  white  cottage  may  be  seen  set 
like  a  star  against  the  frowning  walls,  or  perched  on  high,  like  an  eagle's  nest.  Here  and  there  a  break  will 
occur,  and  stretching  through  the  gap,  with  Titanic  buttresses  on  either  side,  the  enchanted  vision  penetrates  a 
wondrous  scene  of  lake  and  inlet,  reaching  far  inland,  and  losing  themselves  among  the  misty  mountains  of  the 
background,  like  a  dream.  Wild  birds  scream  above  the  heights,  and  vanish  strangely  in  the  ragged  foldings 
of  the  drifting  fogs ;  and  the  white-winged  vessels,  floating  on  the  bosom  of  the  shadowed  stream,  appear  like 
tiny  fairy  craft. 

The  romantic  little  village  of  Yonkers,  on  the  eastern  side,  sixteen  miles  from  the  metropolis,  is  a  great  re- 
sort as  a  rural  retreat.  Hastings  is  the  nest  place  of  historical  note ;  and  here  the  Palisades  begin  to  recede 
from  the  river.  Dobb's  Ferry,  also  a  favorite  resort,  and  an  important  spot  in  Revolutionary  times,  is  on  the 
same  side.  We  next  come  to  Sunnyside,  the  "  Wolfert's  Roost"  of  Washington  Irving,  whose  "Sketch-Book" 
you,  like  enough,  hold  in  your  hand  at  this  moment.  But-  the  lovely  and  antique  villa  is  scarcely  visible  from 
the  water,  it  is  so  deeply  bowered  in  the  trees. 

Tappan  Village,  with  its  sfjreading  bay  and  noble  scenery,  is  the  next  place  of  interest,  which  is  redoubled 
from  the  fact  of  its  having  been  the  headquarters  of  General  Washington,  and  the  place  of  Major  Andre's  execu- 
tion, in  1780. 

Tarrytowu  (twenty-six  miles  from  New  York)  is  famed  as  the  place  of  Andre's  capture,  by  Paulding  and  his 
comrades,  the  spot  being  indicated  by  a  monument,  erected  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  north  of  the  town. 

"  Sleepy  Hollow,"  the  scene  of  Ichabod  Crane's  adventure  with  the  "  Galloping  Hessian,"  in  Irving's  "  Legend 
of  Sleepy  Hollow,"  is  about  two  miles  distant,  and  will  be  found  to  be  in  excellent  keeping  with  the  story ;  the 
quietude  of  enchantment  reigning  everywhere,  only  disturbed,  or  rather  lulled  to  deeper  slumber,  by  the  low  mur- 
mur of  the  mill-stream. 

Among  the  more  picturesque  and  interesting  localities  between  this  spot  and  West  Point,  are  Sing  Sing,  Ver- 
dritege's  Hook  (a  bold  headland,  on  the  summit  of  which  is  a  lovely  lake,  the  source  of  the  Ilackensack  River) ; 
Croton  Village,  with  its  river  which  supplies  New  York  with  water,  and  its  celebrated  Dam  ;  Stony  Point,  the  site 
of  the  Revolutionary  fort  of  that  name  ;  Verplanek's  Point ;  Peekskill ;  Caldwell's  Landing,  situated  at  the  base 
of  the  Dunderberg ;  and  Buttermilk  Falls,  a  narrow  but  picturesque  cataract  of  about  two  hundred  feet  fall. 

We  now  reach  West  Point,  distant  fifty  miles  from  the  city,  and  affording,  doubtless,  some  of  the  most  mag- 
nificent series  of  scenery  in  America.  We  say  series,  because  a  twenty-minutes'  walk  in  almost  any  direction  will 
present  a  scene  totally  varied  and  distinct  from  those  which  preceded  it.  Looking  across  the  river,  we  have  the 
water-view  below  the  bluffs,  and  the  gently-rolling  land  and  happy  farms  of  Putnam  County,  with  enough  of  the 
Highlands  upon  its  side  to  back  the  view  with  vigor  and  effect.  To  the  northward,  a  gap  in  the  stern  hills  allows 
the  view  to  wander  almost  to  Cornwall ;  and  the  varied  mountain  scenery,  looking  inland,  from  auy  pomt  of 
eminence,  is  so  wild  and  lovely  as  to  demand  the  brush  and  easel,  rather  than  the  pen,  to  furnish  an  adequate 
delineation. 

The  Military  Academy,  the  chief  attraction  to  the  visiting  stranger,  is  one  of  the  noblest  institutions  of  the 
United  States  Government ;  and  the  beautiful  grounds  attached  arc  laid  out  with  singular  elegance  and  taste. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  hotel,  which  is  an  excel- 
lent one,  has  an  observatory, 
from  which  can  bo  obtained 
a  most  extensive  and  imposing 
view.  Nearly  every  spot  in 
this  vicinity  is  full  of  historic 
interest.  Fort  Clinton  occu- 
pied the  site  of  the  Academy 
itself.  The  ruins  of  Fort  Put- 
nam and  others  are  still  to  be 
seen  ;  and  near  the  steamboat 
landing  is  the  rock  from  which 
'  the  chain  was  stretched  across 
the  river  in  the  Revolutionary 
War. 

Cozzens's  Hotel,  a  fashion- 
able watering-place,  is  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  West 
Point.  It  is  a  large  porticoed 
building,  and  occupies  a  lofty 
and  picturesque  position  above 
the  river. 

And  so  on  to  the  Katskills, 
also  haunted  by  the  legendary 
lore  which  Irving  has  left  im- 
perishable, with  a  dozen  inter- 
vening objects  of  historical 
interest  and  splendid  scenery, 
we  can  while  away  the  deli- 
cious hours  of  our  river-ex- 
cursion, with  a  vivid  panorama 
which  must  recur  in  many  a 
dream  and  after-thought. 

By  another  excursion,  we 
may  visit  some  of  the  very 
pleasant  localities  of  Long 
Island  and  New  Jersey. 

A  railroad  jaunt  of  half  an 
hour,  by  either  the  New  Jer- 
sey or  New  Jersey  Central 
Railroad,  will  bring  us  to  the 
quaint  old  town  of  Elizabeth. 
It  was  built  in  16C4,  and  is 
one  of  the  oldest,  if  not  the 
very  oldest  settlement  in  the 
State  of  New  Jersey.  It  has 
many  handsome  dwellings, 
and  the  beautifully-arranged 
streets  are  garnished  with  rich 
foliage.  This  and  a  number 
of  other  towns  on  the  railway 
lines  have  of  late  years  be- 
come very  popular  with  New- 
Yorkers,  as  places  for  perma- 
nent residence,  and  real  estate 
in  their  vicinity  has  advanced 
in  price  incredibly. 


Xh'W    YORK   irjArSTR.\ri-:D.  4(1 

If  iho  visitor  to  Klizabclh  pioi'ceds  l),v  tho  New  Jersey  Railroad,  he  will  pass  through  Newark,  though  the 
stoppages  hero  are  so  brief  us  to  allow  him  seaiit  time  for  the  inspection  of  that  largo  and  important  city.  If  ho 
takes  the  Central  line,  he  will  have  a  fine  water-view  nearly  all  the  way,  and  will  cross  Newark  Bay — a  noble 
sheet  of  water — on  probably  the  longest  railroad  bridge  in  the  world. 

From  Newark,  Orange  is  only  four  miles  distant,  and  a  drive  through  this  picturesque  town,  or  an  excursion 
to  the  top  of  Orango  Mountain,  through  the  beautiful  Llewellyn  Park,  is  a  very  charming  trip.  The  view  from 
Orange  Mountain  is  very  fine,  extending  to  New  York  Bay,  and  having  the  far-otf  Trinity  steeple  as  one  of  its 
distant  objects.  The  country  around  Orange  is  very  picturesque,  is  well  wooded,  is  marked  by  very  old  orchards, 
quaint,  embowered  cottages,  and  other  evidences  of  a  long  settlement. 

A  little  longer  jaunt  will  bring  us  to  Paterson,  and  the  Falls  of  the  Passaie.  The  water  is  not  of  great 
volume,  but  its  tumbling  leap  over  rocky  precipices  into  the  narrow  ravine  makes  it  one  of  the  most  romantic 
cascades  to  be  found. 

Paterson  is  also  famous  for  its  annual  races,  and,  when  the  great  meetings  take  place,  the  town  and  its  sub- 
urbs are  crowded  with  turf-lovers  from  the  metropolis  and  all  over  the  country. 

And  while  we  are  on  the  subject  of  racing,  wo  may  as  well  dispose  of  the  large  and  fashionable  grounds 
which  have  in  a  measure  thrown  all  rivals  in  the  shade — those  known  as  .Jerome  Park. 

The  sport  of  horse-racing,  for  which  the  Anglo-Saxon  Celtic  race  throughout  the  world  seems  to  have  an  irre- 
pressible passion,  was  never  conducted  on  a  thoroughly  systematic  basis  and  in  such  a  way  as  to  render  it  at  once 
popular  and  fashionable,  until  Mr.  Jerome  and  the  gentlemen  associated  with  him  took  the  matter  in  hand.  They 
have  succeeded  in  giving  a  zest  and  brilliancy  to  these  affairs  that  were  never  before  known  in  the  United  States, 
not  even  at  the  most  enthusiastic  demonstrations  for  which  New  Orleans,  Charleston,  St.  Louis,  and  Mobile,  have  in 
former  times  been  famous.  Our  artist  has  caught  one  of  the  most  exciting  episodes  connected  with  a  contest  be- 
tween high-mettled  champions  of  the  turf  with  a  graphic  felicity  that  could  not  be  equalled  by  even  the  realistic  de- 
tails of  the  photograph.  There  is  not  any  part  of  it  which  does  not  give  evidence  of  fine  artistic  faculty.  The  dim 
perspective,  typical  of  a  level  expanse  of  fertile  fields  ;  the  easy  rendering  of  the  handsome  extent  and  finish  of  the 
Club  buildings  on  the  left ;  the  marvellous  idea  given  of  a  colossal  crowd  on  the  grand  stand,  and  of  the  multifa- 
rious congregation  between  that  point  and  the  striking  groups  in  the  foreground.  These  foreground  groups  are, 
though,  the  feature  of  the  picture.  Every  type  of  character  to  be  found  on  a  race-course  is  here  individualized. 
The  party  of  young  "  swells  "  mounted  on  an  aristocratic  four-in-hand  "  drag  "  is  the  prominent  apex  of  the  design  ; 
the  Washington-Market  boy,  with  spirited  steed  harnessed  to  the  market-dray  of  his  craft,  he  looking  as  though 
telling  you  in  the  immortal  language  of  Keyser,  "  if  you  didn't  believe  he  was  a  butcher,  to  smell  of  his  boots ; " 
the  gay  coterie  of  gamblers  and  their  female  companions  in  their  hired  barouche — the  "  cut "  of  the  driver  indi- 
cating the  "turnout"  is  from  a  livery  stable;  the  eager  betting-men  disputing  over  the  chances  of  their  favorite 
animals ;  the  pickpocket  being  escorted  by  a  policeman  to  the  rear,  and  the  general  public,  only  anxious  to  be- 
hold the  race,  rushing  for  places  where  a  good  sight  can  be  had — all  these  points  are  masterly,  and  tell  more  than 
any  pen  can  do. 

Jamaica,  Long  Island,  is  a  pleasant  old  rural  town,  which  may  be  reached  three  or  four  times  a  day,  by  the 
Long  Island  Railroad  at  Hunter's  Point.  Besides  possessing  many  handsome  residences,  and  other  objects  of 
interest,  it  is  the  highway  of  communication  to  Hempstead,  Greenport,  Rockaway,  and  Montauk. 

Rockaway  has  several  large  hotels,  and  its  famous  beach  is,  probably,  the  finest  for  sea-bathing  in  the  world. 

Flushing  is  a  very  charming  town,  situated  on  Flushing  Bay,  and  reached  either  by  steamboat  or  rail.  The 
former  starts  from  near  Peck  Slip,  and  the  cars  run  from  Hunter's  Point,  which  connect  by  ferries  with  Thirty- 
fourth  Street  and  James  Slip,  East  River. 

Bay  Side,  situated  about  four  miles  from  Flushing,  is  a  delightful  place  for  a  day's  excursion ;  the  scenery  is 
beautiful,  and  the  bay  is  famous  for  its  clams — a  roast  or  chowder  served  up  in  primitive  style  being  one  of  the 
features  of  the  place.  Tliis  place  can  be  reached  by  private  conveyance  only,  but  which  can  be  obtained  at 
Flushing  at  moderate  charges. 

Montauk,  on  the  extremity  of  Long  Island,  and  almost  surrounded  by  water,  aifords  a  magnificent  view  of  the 
broad  Atlantic,  which  here  laps  the  horizon  in  almost  every  direction.  One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of 
the  neighborhood  is  a  remnant  of  pure  Indians  still  living  on  this  eastern  extremity  of  the  coast.  They  mostly 
subsist  by  fishing,  their  dress  and  manners  are  rude  and  picturesque,  and  they  still  retain,  in  a  small  measure, 
the  dialect  of  their  red  forefathers. 

Staten  Island,  whose  beautiful  green  hills,  embosoming  so  many  pleasant  towns  and  elegant  villas,  guard  the 
western  side  of  tho  Narrows,  also  affords  some  exquisite  scenery.  The  three  ferry-landings,  fronting  on  the  Bay, 
are  very  popular,  more  especially  among  the  poorer  and  middle  classes,  as  places  of  Sunday  and  holiday  resort ; 
and  the  towns  of  Richmond,  New  Brighton,  and  others,  with  their  adjacent  clusters  of  elegant  mansions  and  coun- 
tvv-seats,  are  full  of  attraction. 
7 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED. 


The  lower,  or  Jersey-fticing,  side  of  the  Island  is  best  reached  by  taking  the  boat  which  leaves  the  Xorth  River 
pier  near  the  Battery,  and  plies  through  the  Kills,  as  the  long  sea-inlets  separating  the  island  from  Jersey  are 
termed. 

Just  before  entering  them,  we  pass  the  neat  and  pleasant  buildings  of  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor — looking  snug 
and  cosey  enough  to  satisfy  almost  any  weary  mariner  upon  the  sea  of  life.  The  shores  of  the  island  facing  the 
Kills  are  garnished  with  even  more  fine  country-seats  than  the  other  side,  and  the  waters  are  favorite  offings  for 
our  yachtmen  and  boating-parties.  Vast  plantations  of  oysters  are  cultivated  here,  and  the  fleets  of  oyster- 
boats  and  fishing-smacks  give  animation  to  the  pleasant  scene.  Elm  Park,  on  the  shore  of  the  island,  about  an 
hour's  sail  from  the  city,  is  finely  situated,  and  was  once  a  favorite  place  for  temporary  resort  for  all  classes ;  but 
the  rowdy  element  has  possessed  it  almost  entirely  for  the  past  few  years. 

AVhile  in  the  Kills,  we  can  enter  Raritan  Bay,  and  proceed  to  quaint  old  Perth  Amboy,  so  named  from  its 
having  been  originally  chartered  to  the  Earl  of  Perth,  iu  1683.  It  is  a  neat  and  picturesque  watering-place,  and, 
with  Shrewsbury  and  one  or  two  other  ports,  forms  a  sort  of  headquarters  of  the  fishing  and  oyster  trade.  Many 
years  ago  the  Perth  Amboians  cherished  the  hope  that  their  port  was  destined  to  be  the  metropolis  of  the  conti- 
nent ;  and  there  are  stiO  to  be  found  some  old  fossils  of  the  past — amphibious  haUiues  of  the  dilapidated  tap- 
rooms— who  vaunt  the  wealth  and  commerce  of  their  little  town  as  incomparably  superior  to  Manhattan  Island. 

An  excursion  through  the  Narrows,  round  the  outer  Bay  to  the  New  Jersey  Highlands,  and  up  the  Nevisink 
River,  affords  equal  pleasure  and  interest. 

This  is  the  route  usually  taken  by  the  Long  Branch  steamers,  communicating  with  the  railroad  leading  to  that 
fashionable  sea-side  resort.  In  warm  weather  these  boats  are  crowded  with  fashionables  of  both  sexes,  and  long 
trains  of  cars  are  kept  running  almost  constantly  to  the  great  hotels  which  line  the  beach  for  over  a  mile. 

The  Highlands  of  New  Jersey  aiford  the  finest  and  boldest  ocean-front  presented  by  that  State.  The  scenery 
is  mostly  rugged  and  wild,  but  many  pleasant  hotels  are  crouched  upon  the  beach,  between  the  headlands  and  the 
sea,  with  every  facility  for  boating,  fishing,  and  still-water  sea-bathing.  Numerous  picturesque  boat-houses,  be- 
longing to  clubs  or  individuals,  also  add  to  the  beauty  of  the  scene. 

Passing  up  the  Nevisink,  a  brief  sail,  with  noble  scenery  on  either  side,  brings  us  to  the  pleasant  town  of  Red 
Bank.  It  does  not  boast  many  imposing  or  elegant  buildings,  but  is  a  delightful  place,  and  has  one  fine  hotel, 
which  has  a  quiet  run  of  custom. 

If  one  wishes  a  nearer  beach  than  that  of  Long  Branch,  the  incomparable  Coney  Island — infinitely  better  and 
safer  for  sea-bathing — is  easily  accessible. 

It  can  be  reached  by  boat  from  Pier  No.  1,  North  River,  or  by  cars  from  Brooklyn. 

Time  was  when  this  sea-girt,  barren  sand-heap,  was  the  only  fashionable  sea-bathing  resort  for  New-Yorkers, 
and  when  its  beach  was  thronged  with  the  beauty  and  the  refinement  of  Manhattan  Island  and  Brooklyn.  But 
its  nearness  to  the  city,  and  the  increasing  facilities  of  reaching  it,  caused  it  to  be  speedily  monopolized,  with  few 
exceptions,  by  the  rougher  classes  and  loose  characters,  and  it  was  long  ago  abandoned  by  the  "  upper  ten  "  for 
fresher  waves  and  beaches  more  remote. 

But,  in  the  hot  season,  Coney  Island  is  the  great  democratic  resort — the  ocean  bath-tub  of  the  great  unwashed 
—and  it  is  even  more  representative  in  its  way  than  any  of  its  more  aristocratic  rivals. 

The  boats  which  convey  you  there  are  generally  filled  with  rough  and  noisy  men  and  women,  and  wrangling 
and  fighting,  with  many  of  them,  is  the  chief  part  of  the  day's  amusement.  The  cars  are  safer,  more  agreeable, 
and  land  you  at  a  part  of  the  island  distant  from  the  steamboat  landing.  These  cars  connect  at  Greenwood  witli 
lines  from  all  the  Brooklyn  ferries. 

The  Tivoli  and  other  hotels  at  the  railway  termini  are  pretty  good  in  their  way ;  while  the  Pavilion,  which 
stands  midway  between  the  boat-landing  and  the  beach,  is  chiefly  noted  for  its  excellent  clams  and  execrable 
champagne.  On  a  hot  afternoon,  the  scene  presented  by  the  beach,  thronged  with  half-naked  men  and  scantily- 
costumed  women,  running  hither  and  thither,  and  rolling  in  the  surf,  is  delineated  by  our  artist  more  vividly  than 
pen  can  describe.  Here  arc  also  sharpers  and  confidence-men  in  abundance ;  and  here,  too,  may  be  found  the 
inevitable  Three-card-monte  man,  with  his  one-legged  table  driven  in  the  firm  sand,  the  same  old  grease-spot  on 
the  same  old  card,  the  same  old  assurance  from  his  voluble  lips  that  "  your  money's  as  free  as  the  water  that 
runs  in  the  sea,  only  just  come  and  take  one  shy  to  prove  your  luck." 

Moonlight  excursions,  and  trips  to  the  fishing-banks,  are  also  a  popular  means  of  summer  enjoyment. 

One  should  not  omit  from  his  list  of  suburban  trips  a  visit  to  Greenwood  Cemetery,  -which,  by  common  con- 
sent, is  admitted  to  be  the  most  beautiful  "  City  of  the  Dead  "  in  the  world.  Its  undulating  surface  is  well 
covered  with  trees  and  shrubbery ;  little  miniature  lakes  lie  slumberingly  in  its  hollows  ;  and  many  deliglitful 
vistas  open  continually  to  the  traveller  along  its  winding  paths.  Many  of  the  monuments  are  very  noticeable ; 
some  imposing,  others  fanciful,  and  very  many  lavish  in  carving  and  decoration.  Greenwood  Cemetery  is  situated 
in  Brooklyn,  about  three  miles  from  the  ferries,  with  which  numerous  lines  of  cars  continually  connect. 


S  T  R  A  X  G  E  K  S'     GUIDE. 


By  noting  the  pccnliar  Blinpo  of  New 
York,  stransurs  will  be  much  aided  in 
travclliiiK  about  the  city.  Now  Yorlc  is 
situated  ou  a  long,  narrow  island. 
Uroiuhvay,  which  begins  at  its  lower 
tiMinliius,  at  the  Battery,  rune  nearly 
tlirough  the  centre  lengthwise,  and  in  a 
straight  line,  until  reaching  Fourteenth 
Btroet,  when  it  glances  off  obliquely  to 
the  west.  Above  Fourteenth  street, 
Filth  Avenue  divides  the  city  right  and 
left,  and  all  the  streets  above  this  point. 
crDssiiig  the  city,  are  Ijnown  as  West 
anil  Ivist  ;  for  Instance,  West  Fourteenth 
- 1 1  1  i-  west  of  Fifth  Avenue,  and  East 
luuririMiili  street  is  east  of  Fifth  Ave- 
lUK'.  These  streets  are  numbered,  be- 
ginning at  Fifth  Avenue.  The  city  runs 
north  and  south.  The  southern  extrem- 
ity is  at  the  Battery.  Hence,  when  walk- 
ing up-towti,  or  from  the  lower  part  of 
the  city,  the  right  hand  is  east,  the  left 
liand  west.  The  cross  -  streets  above 
Fourteenth  street  are  of  nearly  an  equal 
distance  apart,  and  twenty-one  squares 
make  a  mile. 

CITY    RAILROADS. 

Blcccker  St.  and  Fulton  Ferry. — From 
W.  lath  St.  10th  Av.,  to  Bleecker, 
through  Bleecker,  across  Broadway 
to  Crosby,  thence  to  the  Park,  down 
Beekman  st.  to  ferry.  Returns  through 
Ann  St.  to  Park,  thence  mainly  by  same 
stri'rts  to  tenuinus. 

Central  Park  and  North  River. — From 
Crntial  I^ark,  west,  through  59th  st.  to 
101  li  A  v.,  thence  bv  river  avenues  to 
Battery  and  South  Ferry. 

Central  Park  and  East  River.— From 
Central  Park,  east,  through  59th  St., 
by  East  River  avenues,  connecting 
with  all  East  River  ferries,  to  South 
Ferry  and  Battery. 

Drv  Dock,  and  East  Broadway.— From 
E.  14t.h  St.  to  Park,  through  eastern 
avenues  and  East  Broadway. 

Grand  st.,  E.  R.,  to  Cortlaiidt  St.,  N.  R. 
— Thi-oiiiih  Canal,  Greenwich  St.,  etc., 
conni'cting  Jersey  City  ferries  with 
Williamsburgh  ferries. 

Thirty-fourth  st.  to  Park.— East  side, 
by  Av.  B,  East  Broadway,  etc. 

Eislith  Av.— From  12oth  st.  through 
Eighth  Av.,  Hudson,  and  W.  Broad- 
way, to  cor.  Vesey  and  Broadway 
(Astor  House). 

Ninth  Av.— From  W.  51th  st.  through 
Ninth  Av.,  Greenwich  to  cor.  Fulton 
and  Broadway. 

Second  Av.— From  Harlem  through 
Second  Av.,  Bowery,  to  Peck  Slip,  East 
River. 

Seventh.  Av.,  and  Broadway.— From 
Central  Park  through  Seventh  Av., 
Broadway  to  14th  st.,  thence  Wooster 
and  W.  Broadway  to  cor.  Barclay  and 
Broadway  (.\stor  House). 

Seventh  Av  —From  Central  Park  through 
Seventh  Av.  to  Greenwich  Av.,  thence 
by  Washington  Pai-k  to  Thompson, 
to  same  terminus  as  above. 

Sixth  .Vv.— From  Central  Park  through 
Sixth  Av.  to  Canal,  W.  Broadway,  to 
cor.  Vesey  st.  and  Broadway  (.Astor 
House). 

Third  Av.— From  Harlem  through  Third 
Av.,  Bowery,  and  Chatham  at.,  to 
Park. 


W.  42d  St.— By  Tenth  A  v.,  .'Vlth  St., 
Broadway,  asd  st..  Fourth  Av.,  lllh 
St.,  etc.,  to  Grand  St.,  K.  R. 

COLLEGES. 

Columbia  Colli'-r,  !■;.  l:nh  hi.  Fdui-lli 
Av.  Theo.  S(  iniiKirv  ot  liie  I'ldlesiaiil 
Episcopal  Cluucli,  W.  -JOIli  si.,  beUveeii 
Nnilh  and  Tcnlli  ,\v.  Rulgers  Female 
College,  isii  I'MliI,  .Av..  between  41st  and 
.12(1  t-ts,  SI.  Francis  Xavier,  49  W. 
15lh  St.  I'liioii  Theo.  Seminary,  9  Uni- 
versity Place.  University,  Washington 
Square,  on  University  Place,  corner 
Clmton  Place,  two  squares  W.  of  Broad- 
way. 

FERRIES. 
Brooklyn.— Calharine  Slip  to  Main  st. 

Reached  by  Seecmd  Avenue  cars. 
Brooklyn.— Foot   Fulton   to   Fulton  st. 
Reached  by  Fifth  Avenue  stages,  and 
Bleecker  st.  cars. 
Brooklyn.— Foot  Jackson    to    Hudson 

Avenue. 
Brooklyn.— Foot  Wall  to  Montague  st. 
Reached  by  Wall  st.  and  Broadway 
stages. 
Brookl.vn.— Foot  Whitehall  to  Atlantic 
St.    Reached  by  a  large  number  of 
Broadway  stages,  etc. 
Brooklyn.— Foot     New     Chambers     to 
Bridge  st.    Reached   by  Second  Av- 
enue cars,  and  Belt  Line. 
Brooklyn  (William8burgh).—Foot  Roose- 
velt to  S.  '('Ih  St. 
Brooldyn     (Williamsburgh).— Foot     E. 

Houston  to  Grand  st. 
Brooklyn  (Williamsburgh).— Foot  Grand 

to  Grand  st.,  and  to  S.  7th. 
Bull's   Ferry  and   Fort   Lee.— Pier  51 

N.  R. 
Greenpoint.— Foot  E.  10th  and  foot  E. 

2,3d. 
Hamilton  Av.— Foot  Whitehall  to  Atlan- 
tic Dock. 
Hoboken.— Foot  Barclay.  N.  R. 
Hoboken.— Foot  Christopher.  N.  R. 
Hunter's  Point.- Foot  E.  34th  to  Ferry 

St. 

Hunter's  Point.— James  sl.,  E.  R.,  to 
Ferry  st. 

Jersey  City.— Foot  Cortlandt  to  Mont- 
gomery St.  Reached  by  Second  st. 
and  Broadway  stages.  Grand  st.  and 
Belt  Line  railroads. 

Jersey  City.— Foot  Desbrosses  to  Ex- 
change pi.  Grand  st.  and  Belt  Ijine 
railroads. 

Mott  Haven.— Pier  24  E.  R. 

Pavonia.— Foot  Chambers  St.,  N.  R.,  to 
Long  Dock. 

Staten  Island.— (Quarantine,  Stapleton, 
and  Vanderbilt's  Landing.)  Foot 
Whitehall.  Reached  by  Broadway 
stages  to  South  Ferry. 

Staten  Island.— Pier  19,  N.  R. 

Weehawkcn.— Foot  W.  42d. 

GALLERIES. 

.\cademy  of  Design,  corner  of  Fourth 

av.  and  2;3d  st. 
Goupil's,  comer  of  22d  st.  and  Fifth  av. 

Free. 
Snedecor's,  Broadway,  near    10th    st. 

Free. 
Schaus's,  749  Broadwav.    Free. 
Somerville's,  corner  14th  St.  and  Fifth 

av.    Free. 

HOSPITALS. 

Bellevue.  ft.  E.  26lh.  Children's  Hos- 
pital and  Nurserv,  E.  51st  n.  Third  Av. 
German,  Fourth  Av.  c.  E.  77th.  Mt.  Si- 
nai, 232  W.  28th.  New  York.  319  Broad- 
way.   New  York  Eye  and  Ear  Infirm- 


ai-y,  210  Second  Av.  Ne^v  Ymk  Inllrni- 
ary  for  woincii  ami  (  lull :  -  !■    i  ''i  '    '  nnil 

Av.     New  York  Ophih    i i  ..  nili 

Av.-is  opcii  dails  li-i -  :  i  ^  -  ■  '"■  k. 
New  York  lI.,n,(.-.iMii,i-  Im-.nu,  u.r 
Women.  W.  48th  c.  Sixlli  Av.  Scaiiun's 
I'und  and  Retreat  (8.  I.),  12  Old  Slip. 
SI.  Luke's,  W.  54th  c.  Fifth  Av.  St. 
Mnienl'H,  195  W.  llth.  (Under  the 
charge  of  the  Sisters  of  Charity.)  Ward's 
Island  (office  Castle  Garden).  Women's, 
E.  50th,  c.  Fourth  Av. 

LIBRARIES. 

Apprentices',  IT2  Broailway.    Open  from 

8  a.  m.  to  9  I'.  M. 

Astor,   Lafayette  p!.   n.  Astor  pi. :— (a 

short  square  E.  of  Broadway,  between 

4th  St.  and  Astor  Place).    Open  daily. 

except  Sundays  and  holidays,  from  9 

A.  M.  to  5  P.  M.    Free. 
City,  12  City  Hall :— Open  daily  from  10 

A.  M.  to  4  p.  M.    Free  to  all  persons. 
Cooper  Union,  Seventh  c.  Fourth  av. ; 

—Open  from  8  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M. 
Library    of    the    American     Institute, 

Cooper  Union :— Open  daily  from  9  A. 

M.  to  9  p.  M. 
Mercantile  Library  Association,  Astor 

gl.  :— Open  from  8  A.  M.   to  9  p.  m. 
own-town  office,  49  Liberty. 
New  York  Historical  Society,  Second 
av.  c.  E.  llth. :— Open  from  9  a.  m.  to 

9  p.  M. 

New  Y'ork  Law  Institute.  41  Chambers  : 

— Open  from  9  a.  m.  to  5  P.  M. 
New  York  Society,  67  University  pi.  :— 

Open  from  8  a.  m.  until  6  P.  M. 
Printers',  3  Chambers. — Open  every  Sat- 
urday evening. 
i  Woman's,  44   Franldin :  —  Open   daily 
j      from  9  A.  M.  to  4  p.  m. 

Young  Men's  Christian  Ass'n,  161  Fifth 
i      av..  Third  av.  c.  E.  122d,  285  Hudson. 
69  Ludlow,  and  97  Wooster :— Open 
I      daily  from  8  a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. 

MEDICAL  INSTITUTIONS, 
I   COLLEGES,  AND  SOCIETIES. 

I      Bellevue  Hospital  Med.  Col.,  foot  E. 

I  26th  St.  College  of  Pharmacy  of  the 
City  of  New  York.  College  of  Physicians 
and  Surgeons,  E.  2.3d  St..  corner  Fourth 
Av.  Eclectic  Medical  College,  223  E. 
2f)th  St.  Hahnemann  Acad,  of  Med.,  105 
Fourth  Av.  Homoeopathic  Medical  Col- 
lege, 151  E.  20th  St.  Homoeopalhie  Med- 
ical Soc. :  —  H.  M.  Smith,  Sec,  105 
Fourth  Av.  N.  Y.  Academy  of  Medi- 
cine:—Meets  at  E.  23d,  corner  Fourth 
Av.,  1st  and  3d  Wednesday  of  each 
month.  N.  Y.  College  of  Dentistry,  25 
W.  27th  St.  N.  Y.  College  of  Veterinary 
Surgeons,  179  Lex.  Av.    N.  Y.  Medical 

I  Collese  for  Women.  102  E.  12th  st.    N. 

1  Y.  Patbolosical  Soc.  E.  2.3d.,  corner 
Fourth  Av.  "University  Medical  College, 

I  Worth  near  Church. 

PLACES  OF  AICTJSEMENT. 

Academy  op  Music,  llth  st.,  comer  of 
Irving  Place,  a  short  distance  E.  of 
Broadway. 

Booth's  Theatre,  corner  of  23d  st.  and 
6th  av.  Broadway  and  23d  st.  stages 
and  Sixth  av.  cars  pass  the  do'or. 
Broadway  cars  pasS  within  one  square 
to  the  E.,  and  the  Seventh  av.  cars 
within  mie  square  to  the  W. 

BowERT  Theatre  is  situated  on  Bow- 
ery, near  Canal  st.  Third  and  Second 
av.  cars  pass  the  door.  A  branch  of 
the  Bleecker  st.  line  (yellow  cars) 
also  pass  it.  This  is  the  only  line 
that  connects  it  with  the  W.  side. 


STJiAiVGERS'    GUIDE. 


Bryant's  Minstrels,  iu  Tammany 
Hall  bulldin<r.  14tli  St.,  a  short  distance 
E.  of  Broadway. 

French  Opera  House,  14th  St.,  just  W. 
of  Sixth  av.  The  situation  Is  three 
squares  W.  of  Broadway.  No  omni- 
buses reach  it.  Sixth  av.  cars  are 
close  at  hand. 

Grand  Opera  House  (formerly  known 
as  '-Pike's"),  at  c.  23d  st.  and  8th 
av.  Broadway  and  2-3(1  st.  omnibuses 
and  Eighth  av.  cars  pass  the  door. 

NiBLo's  Theatre,  on  Broadway,  be- 
tween Prince  and  Houston  sts.,  in  rear 
of  Metropolitan  Hotel.  All  the  Broad- 
way omnil-.'.isi's  i)a>s  tlio  door. 

New  York  Staut  Theati:e,  in  Bowery, 
nearly  oppi'site  tlu-  Bowery  Theatre. 

Olympic  Thkatre,  C^i  Broadway,  be- 
tween Hiniston  and  Blceckcr  sts.  All 
the  Broadway  omnibuses  pass  the 
door. 

Ta.mmany  Theatre,  on  14th  St.,  a  short 
distance  E.  of  Broadway. 

Wallack's  Theatre,  on  Broadway, 
corner  of  1.3th  st.,  one  square  below 
Union  Park,  all  Broadway  omni- 
buses (■except  Firtli  av.')  pass  the  door; 
Fourth  av.  .11-  are  at  tlie  rear;  Broad- 
way cars  (.lie  -ii..i  t  ^.|llare  to  the  W. 

Wood's  JU  >i.i  m.  IJri.ailway  near  30th 
St.  BroadHay  and  Ud  St.  cars  pass 
the  door.  It  is  situated  a  short  square 
E.  of  Sixth  av. 


PRINCIPAL  CEMETERIES. 

Calvary  (Roman  Catholic),  Newtown,  L. 
I.,  reached  by  Flushing  R.  R.,  Hunt- 
er's Point,  by  ferry  from  E.  34th  St., 
or  James  Slip. 

Cypress  Hills,  on  the  Myrtle  av.  and 
Jamaica  Plank  road,  five  miles  from 
Williamsburgh  ferries.  Office,  3  Tryon 
Row. 

Greenwood,  on  Gowanus  Heights, 
Brooklyn.  Reached  by  cars  from  any 
of  the  Brooklyn  ferries.  Office,  3 
Broadway. 

Trinity,  between  W.  153d  and  155th 
sts.,  and  Tenth  av.  and  N.  R.  Hudson 
Elver  way  trains  Btoi>  at  159th  st. 


PRINCIPAL   CHURCHES. 
Baptist. 

Calvary,  50  W.  23d ;  E.  J.  W.  Buckland, 

Minister,  ITS  Seventh  av 
Fifth    Avenue,  W.  46th    n.  Fifth  av. ; 

Thomas  Armitage,  Minister,  h.  2  W. 

46th. 
Freewill  Baptist,  104  W.  17th;    C.  E. 

Blake,  Minister,  at  church. 
Madison  Avenue,  c.  E.  31st;  Henry  G. 

Weston,  Minister. 
Murray  Hill,  Lex.  av.  c.E.  37th;  Sidney 

A.  Corey.  Minister. 
Pilgrim.  W.  33d  n.  Eighth  av. ;  H.  W. 

Knapp,  Minister. 
South,  2:35    W.  2oth;    Samuel   Knapp, 

Minister. 
Tabernacle,  102  Second  av. :  J.  R.  Kcn- 

drick,  Minister,  h.  210  E.  17th. 
Coiigrceratlonnl. 
Church  of  the  Pilgrims,  3G5  W.  48th ; 

Seymour  A.  Baker,  Minister. 
Churcii  of  the  Puritans ;  G.  B.  Cheever, 

Minister. 
New  England,  W.  41st  n.  Sixth  av. ;  Ly- 
man Abbott,  Minister,  h.  203  W.  .^th. 
Tabernacle,  Sixth  av.  c.  W.  »lth  :  J.  P. 

Thompson,  Minister,  h.  32  W.  36th. 

Dutch  Reformed. 

Collegiate.  Lafayctlte  pi.  c.  E.  4th  ;  North 

Dutch,  William  c.  Fulton ;  Fifth  av. 

c.  W.  29th  :  Lecture  Room,  W.  48th  n. 

5tU   av.;  Thomas    Dewitt,  h.  55    E. 

9th,  T.  E.  Vermilye.  h.  .50  E.  49th,  T. 

W.  Chambers,   h.  70  W.  36th,  Min- 
isters. 
North  Dutch,  J.  L.  McNair,  Missionaiy, 

103  Fulton. 


Northwest,  145   W.  23d  ;  H.  D.  Ganse,  1 
Minister,  h.  358  W.  2-2d. 

South,  Fifth  av.  c.  W.  21st ;  E.  P.  Rogers, 
Minister,  h.  42  W.  27th. 

Thirty-fourth  Street,  307  W.  34th  ;  Peter 
Stryker,  Minister,  h.  319  W.  31st. 

Washington  Square,  Wash.  sq.  E.  c. 
Wash.  pi. ;  Mancius  S.  Button,  Min- 
ister, h.  47  E.  9th. 

Friends. 

East  Fifteenth,  c.  Rutherford  pi. 

Twentieth  Street,  E.  20th  n.  Third  av. 

Twenty-seventh  Street ;  43  W.  27th. 
Jewish  Synagogues. 

Adas  Jeshurun,  W.  39th  n.  Seventh  av. 

Adereth  El,  135  E.  29th. 

Beth  Cholim,  138  W.  38th. 

Beth  El,  248  W.  33d. 

Lutheran. 

Gustavus  Adolphus.  91  E.  22d. 

Holy  Trinity.  W.  21st,  n.  Sixth  av. ;  G. 
F.  Krotel,  Minister. 

Lutheran,  Av.  B,  c.  E.  9th;  F.  W. 
Foehlinger,  Minister. 

St.  James,  216  E.  15th ;  A.  C.  Wedekind, 
Minister. 

St.  Luke's,  318  W.  43d;  G.  W.  Drees, 
Minister. 

Methodist  Kpiscopal. 

Eighteenth  Street,  .307  W.  18th ;  Parson- 
age, 305  W.  18th. 

Fifty-third  Street,  2.31  W.  53d  ;  Parson- 
age, 2.35  W.  53d. 

Forty-third  Street,  253  W.  43d  ;  Parson- 
age, 249  W.  43d. 

John  Street,  44  John. 

Ladies'  Five  Points  Home  Mission,  61 
Park. 

Eose  Hill,  221  E.  27th ;  Parsonage,  219 
E.  27th. 

St.  Paul's,  Fourth  av.  c.  E.  22d;  Parson- 
age, 289  Fourth  av. 

Second  Street,  276  Second ;  Parsonage, 
280  Second. 

Trinity,  248  W.  34th ;  Parsonage,  263  W. 
.34th. 

Twenty-fourth  Street,  359  W.  24th. 

Washington  Square,  137  W.  Fourth ; 
Parsonage,  80  Macdougal. 

Presbyterian.  I 

Brick,  Fifth  av.  c.  W.  37th ;  Gardiner  ! 
Spring,  Minister,  h.  6  E.  37th.  I 

Chelsea.  353  W.  22d  ;  E.  D.  Smith,  Min- 
ister;  h.  453  W.  21st.  \ 

Church  of  the  Covenant,  Fourth  av.  c. 
E.  35th ;  George  L.  Prentiss,  Minister,  1 
h.  next  church.  | 

Fifteenth  Street,  1.30  E.  15th  ;  Samuel  D. 
Alexander,  Minister,  h.  144  E.  22d. 

Fifth  Avenue,  c.  E.  19th;  John  Hall, 
Minister,  h.  30  E.  18th. 

First,  Fifth  av.  c.  W.  11th  ;  W.  M.  Pax- 
ton,  Minister,  h.  49  W.  llih. 

Fortieth  Street,  E.  40th  n.  Lexington  av.; 
John  E.  Annan,  Minister,  h.  114  E. 
48th. 

Forty-second  Street,  233  W.  42d ;  W.  A. 
Scott,  Minister,  h.  208  W.  42d. 

Fourth  Avenue,  286  Fourth  av. ;  Howard 
Crosby,  Minister,  h.  306  Second  av. 

Lexington  av.  c.  E.  46th ;  Joseuh  San- 
derson, Minister,  h.  124  E.  46th. 

Madison  Square,  Madison  av.  c.  E.  24th ; 


Ulams.  .Ministc 


h.  8  E. 24th. 
20th  ;  N.  W. 
!  E.  3l8t. 
■.23d;  H.D. 


TJniversity   Place  c.  Tenth;  A.  H.  Kel- 
logg, Minister. 

Protestant  Episcopal. 

Rt.  Rev.  Horatio  Potter,  Bishop,  h.  88  E. 
22d. 

Annunciation.  149  W.  14th :  S.  Seabury, 
Rector,  h.  W.  20tli  n.  Ninth. 

Ascension.  Fifth  av.  c.  W.  10th ;  John 
Cotton  Smith,  Rector,  h.  7  W.  10th. 

Calvary,  Fourth  av.  c.  E.  21st ;  E.  A. 
Washburn,  Rector,  h.  103  E.  21st. 


Christ,  Fifth  av.  c.  E.  35th ;  F.  C.  Ewer, 

Eector,  h.  55  W.  3Mth. 
Du  St.  Esprit,  30  W.  22d. ;  A.  Verren, 

Eector,  h.  28  W.  22d. 
Grace.  800  Broadway. 
Holy  Trinitv,  Madison  av.  c.  E.  42d ;  S. 

H.  Tyug,  jr..  Rector,  h.  117  W.  43d. 
St.  Alban's.  Lex.  av.  c.  E.  47th;  C.  W. 

Morrill.  Rector. 
St.  Anns.  7  W.  ibth  ;  Thomas  Gallaudel. 

Eector.  h.  9  W.  18th. 
St.  George's,  Eutherford  pi.  c.  E.  inth  : 

Stephen  H.  Tyng,  Rector,  h.  209  E. 

16th. 
St.  John's,  46  Varick  ;  S.  H.  Weston,  h. 

409  W.  23d. 
St.  Luke's,  483  Hudson  ;  Isaac  H.  Tuttlc 

Rector,  h.  477  Hudson. 
St.  Mark's,  Stuyvesant.  n.  Second  av. ; 

A.  H.  Vinton,  Rector,  h.  156Sccondav. 
St.  Paul's,  Broadway  c.  Vesey;  B.    I. 

Haight,  Minister,  office,  7  Cuurch,  h. 

56  W.  26th. 
St.  Thomas's,  Fifth  av.  c.  W.  53d  ;  W.  F. 

Morgan.  Rector,  h.  28  W.  39th. 
Trinity,  Broadway  c.  Rector;  and  the 

Chapels  of  St.  Paul's,  St.  John's,  and 

Trinity  Chapel  ;  Morgan  Dix.  Rector, 

h.  50  Varick;  F.  Vinton,  h.  Brooklj-n, 

and  F.  Ogiiby,  Assistant  Ministers. 
Trinity  Chapel.   15  \V.   'ijth  ;   Rev.   Dr. 

Higbee,  Assistant  Minister. 
Roman  Catholic. 
St.  Ann's,  149  Eighth;  T.  S.  Preston, 

Priest,  h.  145  Eighth. 
St.  Francis  Xavier.  36  W.  16th  ;  J.  Loy- 

zance.  Priest,  h.  49  W.  15th. 
St.  Patrick's,  Cathedral.  Mott  c.  Prince  ; 

Most  Rev.  John  McCloskey,  Archbp. ; 

Very  Rev.  Wm.  Starrs.  Vicar-Genl. ; 

T.  S.  Preston,  Chancellor;    F.    Mc- 

Neimy,  Sec. ;  P.  F.  McSweeny,  J.  H. 

McGean.  and  J.  Kearney,  Priests,  h. 

263  Mulbery. 
St.  Peter's,  Barclay  c.  Church;  Wm. 

Qninn,  Priest,  h.  15  Barclay. 
St.  Stephen's,  149  E.  28th ;  E.  McGlynn. 

Priest,  h.  142  E.  29th. 

Unitarian. 
All  Souls,  Fourth  av.  c.  E.  20th;  H.  W. 

Bellows,  Minister,  h.  next  church. 
Messiah,  E.  34th  c.  Park  av. ;  S.  Osgood, 

Minister,  h.  154  W.  lllh. 
Third,  W.  40th  n.  Sixth  av. :  O.  B.  Froth- 

ingham,  Minister,  h.  50  W.  3Gth. 
Universalist. 
Third,  206  Bleccker ;  D.  K.  Lee,  Minister, 

h.  23  Periy. 
Fourth,  Filth  av.  c.  W.  45th;    E.  H. 

Chapin.  Minister,  h.  14  E.  33d. 
Our   Saviour.   65  W.  35th;    James  M. 

Pulhnan,  Minister,  h.  -M.  W.  29th. 


Central  Park,  which  extends  from  .50th 
to  125th  street,  and  lies  between  Fifth 
and  Eighth  Avenues,  may  be  reached 
by  the  Broadway,  Seventh  Avenue, 
Sixth  Avenue,  and  Eighth  Avenue 
lines  of  cars.  These  all  run  direct  to 
the  Park.  The  Third  Avenue  cars  run 
two  squares  east  of  the  Park. 

Jerome  Park,  by  Hariem  R.  R.  cars  to 
Fordham. 

Coney  Island,  by  steamer,  and  also  by 
cars  counccting  with  Brooklyn  fer- 
ries. 

Long  Branch,  bv  steamer. 

Canarsie,  and  Rcckaway,  by  ferry  to 
Brooklyn,  cars  to  East  New  York,  and 
steamer  at  Canarsie  Bay. 

-  ■    - n 

small  steamers 
up  Harlem  River. 

Uohoken,  by  Hoboken  ferries.  (.See 
Ferries.) 

Weehawkcn.  by  Hoboken  ferries,  thence 
by  cars ;  or  by  Weehawkeu  ferry,  foot 
or42d  street. 

Staten  Island,  by  ferry  at  Battery  ;  and 
at  pier  19  N.  R. 


N'EW   YORK   ILLUSiTRATED.—AnVKRTh^EAfENTS. 


i?  o 

CZ  PROVIDENCE,  R.  I.  •  O 

STERLING  SILVER  WARE, 

AND 

FINE    ELECTRO-PLATED    WARE. 


This  Company,  having  the  most  extensive  and  complete  Silver-Ware 
Factory  in  the  Avorld,  and  employing  the  best  talent  in  designing,  mod- 
elling, and  finishing,  are,  with  the  aid  of  ingenious  and  labor-saving 
machinery,  enabled  to  produce  in  large  quantities,  and  at  the  lowest 
prices,  goods  beautiful  in  design  and  unsurpassed  in  finish,  the  fineness 
of  which  they  guarantee  to  be  of  sterling  purity,  U.  S.  Mint  assay.  A 
certificate  is  issued  with  all  articles  in  silver,  for  the  purpose  of  protect- 
ing purchasers  from  imitations  of  their  designs. 

They  also  continue  to  manufacture  their  well-known  and  unrivalled 

Ifickel- Silver  Electro-Plated  Ware, 

WHICH   WILL   LAST   TWENTY-FIVE    YEARS    WITH   FAIR   EVEKY-DAY   USAGE. 

Orders  received  from  the  trade  only,  but  these  goods  may  be  ob- 
tained from  responsible  dealers  everywhere. 


STERLING.       Silver.  Electro-Plate.     6!iSS**M.M»Scj, 

8 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


JOHN  F.  HENRY, 
Great    United    States    Family   Medicine   Warehouse, 

No.    8    COLLEGE    PLACE,    NEW    YORK. 


SOLE  PROPRIETOR  OF 

UPHAM'S    HAIR     GLOSS, 

The  finest  preparation  for  the  hair  cow  made.    Satisfaction  guaranteed  in  every  instance. 


SOLE  PROPRIETOR  OF 

PARK'S  ba.ls^m:. 

The  most  reliable  Cough  Remedy  ever  known.    Hundreds  have  used  it  with  great  success. 
SOLE  PROPRIETOR  OF  THE  CELEBRATED 

Better  than   the   best  of  the   higher-priced   Dyes. 
SOLE  PROPRIETOR  OF 

GAYETTY'S    MEDICATED    PAPER. 

{^~  Beware  of  Counterfeits.    Genuine  has  water-mark,  "  J.  C.  Gayetty,"  on  each  sheet. 
SOLE  PROPRIETOR  OF 

KELLINGER'S  LINI3IENT, 

The  great  Kemody  for  all  Pains,  external  or  internal.     One  of  the  oldest  and  most  reliable  remedies  iu  the  country. 
Never  known  to  fail  in  any  instance. 

HEAD   OFFICE    AND    GENERAL    WHOLESALE    DEPOT    FOR   THE 

Great  Central  Depot  for  the  "  MISSISQUOI "  and  all  other  leading  Mineral  Waters.    Full  stocks  of  all  PnoruiETARY  Medi- 
cines, at  proprietors'  prices.    A  most  complete  assortment  of  all 

Fancy  Goods,  Perfumery,  and  Druggists'  Sundries. 

THE   LEADING   PROPRIETARY    MEDICINE   HOUSE   IN    THE   WORLD! 

Orders  for  any  quantities,  large  or  small,  will  always  have  prompt  attention. 

JOHN  F.  HENRY,  No.  8  College  Place, 


I 


NEW  YOIiK  ILLmriiA  TKD.—A  D VKKTIfiEMESm 


1^"  If  the  reader  of  this  should  be  asked  to  choose  between  two  apparently  similar  articles  of 
medicine  or  diet— the  one  made  and  prescribed  by  a  scientific  and  professional  man,  the  oilier  pre- 
pared and  sold  without  the  ■rcsponsil)ility  or  sanction  of  any  rcco<jni/,cd  name  or  authority — we  ask 
him  which  of  these  articles  he  would  be  likely  to  choose  ?      We  present  junt  such  a  atsc. 

In  1854,  Professor  E.  N.  Horsfoud,  of  Cambridge,  Mass.  (Kumford  Professor  at  Harvard  Univer- 
sity), commenced  a  scries  of  investigations  into  the  principles  and  practice  of  BREAD-MAKING. 
These  investigations  led  to  protractetl  experiments  and  study,  tor  the  purpose  of  obtaining  a  lieailliful 
substitute  for  Yeast,  Creiyn  of  Tartar,  and  Soda,  and  other  forms  of  leaven,  for  Bread,  Biscuit,  Pastry, 
etc.    The  result  was  the  production  of 

HORSFORD'S 

SELF-RAISING  BREAD  PREPARATION. 

Amont?  the  advantages  of  this  preparation  aro  the  following : 

It  is  all  manufactured  only  under  the  direction  of  Prof  IIorsford,  at  the  well-known  Rum  ford 
Chemical  Works  of  Providence,  R.  I.     The  purity  of  the  ingredients  can  therefore  be  relied  upon. 

It  contains  nothing  which  is  either  deleterious  or  doubtful,  but  it  is  positively  beneficial  to  all. 

It  supplies  to  the  human  system  the  Phosphates  which  exist  in  the  whole  wheat-grain,  but  which 
arc  removed  with  the  In'an  in  the  manufacture  of  tine  flour. 

Bread,  Biscuit,  Muffins — any  form  of  farinaceous  food — made  with  this  Preparation,  may  be  eaten 
hot  as  well  as  cold,  by 

INVALIDS     AND      DYSPEPTICS. 

In  a  rpcent  essay  by  Baron  Liebig,  entitled  "  A  New  Method  of  Making  Bread,"  trans- 
lated from  the  German  for  Every  Satur  da  i/ of  May  15th,  1869,  we  find  the  following: 

"  Upon  these  considerations  rests  the  preparation  of  the  baking  powders  of  Professor  Horsford, 
of  Cambridge,  in  North  America,  which  I  hold  to  be  one  of  the  weightiest  and  mo>t  beneficent  inven- 
tions which  have  been  made  in  recent  times. 

"I  have  occupied  myself  for  the  last  eight  months  with  the  preparation  and  use  of  this  baking 
pi)wder,  and  have  entirely  satisfied  myself  that  with  it  a  most  excellent  Ijread,  of  delicious  taste,  may 
be  made ;  .and  I  believe  I  sliMl  render  a  service  to  many  by  publishing  the  results  of  my  experience. 
It  contains  the  nutritive  salts  of  the  bran  in  sucii  form  that  it  renders  unnecessary  the  use  of  sour 
dough,  or  of  yeast,  in  the  preparation  of  bread." 

Among  those  who  have  tested  and  approved  this  Preparation  we  may  mention: 

Dr.  Uorate  Green,  Dr.  Willard  Parker,  Dr.  John  H.  Grisconi,  Dr.  A.  Jacob!,  the  late  Dr.  Valentine  Mott, 

Dr.  Fordyce  Barker,  ull  of  New  York ;  Dr.  Cliace  Wiggin,  and  Dr.  S.  A.  Arnold,  of  Providence,  R.  I. ; 

Dr.  J.  C.  Nichols,  of  Boston,  Mass. ;  Dr.  C.  T.  Jackson,  Mass.  State  Chemist ;  Prof.  B. 

Ogdcn  Dorcmns,  of  New  York ;  Dr.  Samarl  T.  Jackson,  of  the  University  of 

Pennsylvania;    Prof.  J.  C.  Booth,  of  Philadelphia,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

We  have  printed  for  cratuitous  circulation,  in  pamphlet  form,  an  Essay,  by  Prof.  Horstord,  upon  the  "  THEORY  AND 
ART  OF  BREAD-MAKINU,"  and  also  LiEBto's  Essay,  above  mentioned,  entire.  These  will  be  furnished  by  us,  without 
charge,  to  all  persons  desiring  to  investigate  this  subject. 

LIGHT,    HEALTHFUL,  DELICIOUS  BREAD, 

IS  NOW  WITHIN  THE  BEACH  OF  ALL. 
The  best  of   Biscuit,   Muffins,   Rolls,   etc.,   etc.,   may  be    enjoyed    by  every   family   who  use 

HORSFORD'S  BREAD  PREPARATION. 

For  sale  by  all  Grocers,  and  by 

^WILSON,  LOCK-WOOD,  EVERETT  &  CO., 

MAMUFACTUSESS  AiYD  GENERAL  AGEXTS, 

201  Fulton  St.,  New  York. 


^'E\V   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


A  NEW  FEATURE  IK  THE  SEWING-MACHINE  BUSINESS. 

********* 

The  New  York  Sewing-Machine  EniPORinM  is  not  an  Ageiity  for  the  sale  of  any  one  kind  of  Machine,  but, 
by  an  arrangement  with  the  different  manufacturers  throughout  the  country,  is  enabled  to  supply  all  kinds,  on 
the  most  advantageous  terms. 

51^"  We  send  Machines  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  ' 

********** 
Persons  living  at  a  distance  from  established  Sewing-Machine  Agencies  are  invited  to  correspond  with  us  in 
relation  to  any  want  they  may  have  in  connection  with  the  use  of  Machines. 

********** 
This  Establishment  is  designed  to  supply  every  want  connected  with  the  use  of  Sewing-Machines.     It  is  com- 
plete in  its  arrangements,  and  has  every  facility  for  conducting  the  business. 


THE   NEW    YOKK 
744    BROADWAY,  Comer  of  Astor  Place, 

IS  A   GENERAL  EMPORIU.M   WHERE  YOH   CAN 

SEE      AND       COMPARE      ALL       KINDS, 

AND    WHERE    AT  ANY    TIME   WITHIN    A  MONTH    YOn    CAN 

EXCHANGE, 

IF   YODR   FIRST    CHOICE    SHOULD    PROVE 

IST  O  T       S^  T  I  S  F  ^  C  T  O  H  Y. 


Machines  are  Sold  at,  the  Manufacturers'  Prices. 
Machines  are  fully  Warranted  in  every  respect. 
Machines  are  Sold  on  trial,  privilege  of  exchange. 
Machines  are  Rented  by  the  day,  week,  or  month. 
Purchasers  and  Hirers  are  instructed  Gratuitously. 
A  Portion  of  the  Rents  is  applied  to  the  Purchase. 
Op'erators  are  sent  out  to  work  for  Families. 
Stitching  of  all  kinds  is  done  at  the  Emporium. 
Old  Machines  are  bought  or  take'n  in  Exchange. 
All  Kinds  of  Machines  are  Repaired  and  Cleaned. 
Needles,  Threads,  Silk,  Oil,  Soap,  &c.,  &c.,  are  Sold. 
Tools,  Fixtures  of  all  kinds,  are  made  and  Sold.  • 
Attachments  for  all  purposes  are  fitted  to  Machines. 

W.  R.  PATTERSON  &  CO.,  Proprietors. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


SAMUEL  S.  WHITE, 

MANUFACTURER,     IMPORTER, 

AND 

WHOLESALE      DEALER 

IN 

ALL  ARTICLES  APPERTALXING  TO 

DENTISTRY. 

THE  LARGEST  ESTABLBSHIIVIENT, 

AND 

Most  Extensive  Stock  of  Dental  Goods, 

In  this  or  any  other  country. 


DEPOTS: 

767  &  769  BROADWAY,  New  York. 

CHESTNUT  ST,  Cor.  of  Twelfth,  Philadelphia. 
13  &  16   TREMONT   RO\V,  Boston. 

121  &  123   STATE   ST.,   Chicago. 


iVLE'lF   YORIC  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


NOVELTY 

IROH     WOSK$, 

Nos.  77  and  83  LIBERTY  STREET, 
Corner  of  Broadway,  New  York. 


Plain  and  Ornamental  IRON  WORK,  of  all  Kinds,  for  Buildings. 
IRON   PIERS  AND  BRIDGES. 

MANHATTAN 

FIRE  BRICK  &  CLAY  RETORT  WORKS. 

MAURER   &   "WEBER,   Proprietors, 
EAST    15th    STBEET    AND    AVENUE    C, 

(opposite  MANHATTAN  GAS-WOBKS)  !]S'E"W  YORK, 

Manufacturers  of 

Gas  and  Sugar-House  Retorts,  Tiles,  and  Fire  Brick, 

Of  all  sJiapcs  and  sizes. 

N.  B.— The  South  Ferry  and  Dry  Dock  Railroads,  running  thrnnih  14th  Street,  pass  within  one  block  of  the  Works. 

r.O"^EE,S    or'    THE    Il,.A.I?,E    ^^ISriD    OXJI^IOXTS- 

SYPHER    &    COMPANY, 

SUCCESSORS  TO  D.  MARLEY, 

557    BRO^D^^^AY,    I^EW    YOHK!, 

Have-  on  liand,  besides  a  larg-c  and  elegant  A<sortment  of 

CARVED  ANTIQUE  FURNITURE,  CHINA,  etc., 

A  general  Variety  ofFirst-class  Sucond-hand 

Parlor  and  Bed-Room  Suites,  Book-Cases,  Library  Tables,  Dining- 
Room  Furniture,  Mantel  and  Pier  Mirrors,  Pianos,  Carpets,  etc., 

FOR  SALE  CHEAP. 


NEW  YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


OHVTNA* 


i?5Hia 


■73 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


A  SPLENDID  PRIZ^FOR  THE  LADIES. 

The  Finest,  most  Pleanng.  and  Best  Parlor  Enqraring  ever 
publinhed  in  America,  presented  to  each  Suisciiber. 

DEMORBST^  MONTHLY, 

^v^lICH  IS  NOW  universally  acknowledged  to  ee 

THE   MODEL   PARLOR  MAGAZINE. 

Demouest's  Monthly  combines  the  only 
RELIABLE  FASHIONS  AND  FILL-SIZED  PATTEUIVS 

WITH 

ORIGINAL  STORIES,  POEMS,  MUSIC, 
Home  Matters,  ana  other  useful  and  entertaining  literature. 
It  is  illustrated  and  printed  in  the  hi  ,'hest  style  of  art,  and  is 
the  most  useful  and  complete  Ladies'  Magazine. 

Yearly  subscription  only  $3.00,  with  the  most  costly  and 
valuable  premium  ever  offered  by  any  publisher,  being  a 
large  and  mau'nificent  "  Line  and  Stipple  "  Engraving,  just 
completed,  size  28  by  35  inches,  entitled, 

"THE  PICNIC;  Or,  THE  FOURTH  OF  JULY," 
from  an  original  Painting  by  Lilly  M.  Spencer.  The  Plate 
co^tover  $7,0D0,  and  is  pronounced"  by  competent  jmlges  tlie 
most  finished  and  elaborate  work  of  art  ever  engraved  in 
America.  Copies  were  to  be  sold  at  from  $10  to  $20  each, 
but  are  now  lo  be  obtained  by  the  subscribers  to  Demorest's 
Monthly  Magazine.  The  Engraving  is  sent  tiy  mail,  se- 
cured on  a  roller.    Postage,  10  cents,  wliich  must  be  included. 

Splendid  premiums  for  Clubs,  at  $3.00  each,  with  the 
above  premium  to  each  subscriber.    Audress 

DEMOREST'S    MONTHLY, 

S38  Broadway,  N.  X. 
Specimen  copies  of  the  Magazines,  with  circulars  giving 
full  particulars,  mailed  free  on  receipt  of  15  cents. 


DEMOREST'S 

YOUNG  AMERICA. 

THIS  MOST  INSTRUCTIVE,  ENTERTAINING,  AND 

BEST    JUVENILE    MAGAZINE 

comprises  numerous  and  novel  features  that  are  peculiarly 
its  own,  and  entirely  free  from  the  gross  exaggerations  so 
common  to  juvenile  "literature. 

Our  Monthly  Young  America  also  presents  the  finest 
COLORED    AND    OTHER    ENGRAVINGS, 

THE  BEST  STORIES, 

IPuzzles,    [Prizes, 

and  a  host  of 

New  and  Interesting  Subjects, 

that  not  only  command  the  attention  of  Boys  and  Girls,  but 
serve  to  purify  and  elevate  their  minds,  and  to  communicate 
much  valuable  inlormalion,  and  prove  a  well-spring  of  pleas- 
ure in  the  household. 

Yearly    Subscription,    Sl.SO, 

with  A  GOOD  MICROSCOPE,  or  A  PEARL-HANDLED 
POCKET-KNIFE,  or  A  BEAUTIFUL  BOOK,  as  premium 
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SPLENDID    PREilllOIS    GIVEN   FOR    CLCBS. 

Specimen  copies,  with  circulars,  mailed  fi-ee  on  receipt  of 
10  cents.    Address 

W.  JENNINGS  DEMOREST, 

838  BRO.\DWAY,  N.  Y. 


M^usic, 


1.00    KID    GILOYES 


Pronounced  by  the  Public  equal  to  any  at  $2.00.     A  full  line  of  the  popular  Joseph 
Gloves.    Also,  an  elegant  assortment  of 

FANS,  DRESS  CAPS,  LACES,  JET  AND  GILT  JEWELRY,  &c.,  &C. 

Just  opened,  an  immense  assortment  of 
At  astonishing  Low  Prices. 

3IYJEMS  &  STIEBEL,  783  Broadtvay, 

OPPOSITE  A.  T.  STEWART  &  CO. 

WHEELER  &  WILSON'S 

I  141   BROADWAY, 


(Corner  of  26th  Street) 


NEW  YORK. 


J.  T.  ELLIS,  ^gent. 


All  of  the  beautiful  Specimens  of  Sewing  exhibited  by  WHEELER  &  WIZSON,  at  the  Paris  Exposi- 
tion, were  wrouffht  at  1141  Broadway. 


XKW  YORK  ILLL'STliA  Ti:i>.—.\  DV EUTlSKMEXrS. 


M.    J.    P  Al  LLAR  D    &    CO. 


{Late   21    Maiden    Lane,) 


680 
BROADWAY, 


NEW  YORK. 


IN   MANUFACTURING  AND  IMPORTING 


MWSI©^!! 


The  largest  and  best  stock  in  the  market,  embracing  all  styles,  sizes,  and  prices,  can  now  be  inspected  in  spacious  saloons, 
fitted  up  for  the  purpose.    We  also  offer  a  choice  stock  of 

Fine  Gold  Watches,  Fancy  Goods  and  Engravings, 

Musicians  will  find  the  finest  CORNETS  and  BAKD  INSTRUMENTS  of  the  celebrated  "SCHREIBER  PATENT,  with 
WATER  VALVES." 


THE    STANDARD 


&«llt€4lff  mWLM: 


m&M%M% 


PHELAN  &  COLLENDER'S  COMBINATION  CUSHIONS, 


PATENTED    NOVEMBER    27th,    1SQ1. 


The  superiority  of  these  tables 
is  generally  admitted.  They  are  in 
use  in  nearly  all  the  leading  Billiard 
Rooms  on  the  continent,  in  all  the 
principal  Hotels,  in  all  the  first-class 
Club  Houses,  and  almost  exclusive- 
ly in  Private  Residences. 

Seven  distinct  patents  for  im- 
provements in  Billiard  Tables  have 
been  granted  Messrs.  Phelan  &  Col- 
lender  by  the  United  States  Patent 
Office,  and  Ihey  have  obtained  pat- 
ents from  both  French  and  English 


Governments  for  improvements  in 
Billiard  Cushions,  and  also  for  a 
Combined  Dining,  Library,  and  Bil- 
liard Table. 


In  the  construction  of  their  ta- 
bles, Messrs.  Phelan  &  Collender 
employ  the  very  best  mechanics  to 
be  found  in  this  country  or  Europe, 
and  likewise  a  number  of  machines 
designed  especially  for  the  purpose, 
which  insure  a  scientific  and  a  me- 
chanical accuracy  not  attainable  in 
any  other  establishment. 

Besides  having  the  most  extensive  facilities  for  manufacturing  Billiard  Tables,  Phelan  &  Collender  keep  a  larger  stock  of 
BALLS,  CUES,  CLOTH,  and  every  thing  connected  with  Billiards,  than  will  be  found  in  any  other  establishment  in  the  world. 
The  best  materials  only  are  used,  and  the  workmanship  is  faultless. 

All  orders  executed  promptly.  Parties  ordering  by  mail  can  have  any  thing,  from  a  Table  to  a  Cue,  sent  to  them  with  as 
much  care  as  if  ordered  and  selected  in  person. 

Illustrated  Catalogues  and  Price-Lists  sent  by  mail. 

PHELAN  &  COLLENDER, 

(Box  1847.)  Warerooms,  738  Broad^A/■ay,  near  Astor  Place,  N.  Y. 

q  Manufactories,  Tenth  Avenue  and  36th  and  37th  Sts. 


10  A'-^IK  YORK  ILL  USTRA  TED.— AD  VERTISEMENTS. 

DaST-A.BIjISia:E3D    ^^.   T>.    18J20. 


WINDLE  &  COMPANY, 


DEALERS   LN   AND   IMPOETERS   OF 


SILVER-PLATED  AVARE, 
FIRE  IRONS,  TABLE  CUTLERY,  MATS,  HOLLOW  WARE, 

DOOR  MATS,  HAMMOCKS  etc.,  etc. 


MANTTFACTUBERS  OF 


f  liii^lM  iiii4i*»t,  i0ibt  ^ti%,  W^itt  §m\tu, 

BATHING  APPARATUS,  etc. 

AGENTS  FOR 
The  Kedgie   Patent  Water  Filterers, 

The  Adjustable  W'indo\v  Screen  Co., 

The   Davis   Patent   Refrigerator, 

The  American  Papier  Mache  Co., 

The  Earth  Closet  Co. 

SPECIAL  LICENSES  OF 

IHl  Ii4BMll  iiPfll  HMlElBit  at©. 

Goods  securely  packed,  to  send  to  any  part  of  the  world.  Illustrated 
Catalogues  sent  by  mail,  when  desired.  An  inspection  of  our  Store  and 
Stock  is  invited,  and  goods  will  be  cheerfully  shown. 

JVb.  597  BROADWAY,  and  140  MEBCEB  ST., 

NEW   YORK. 


iVJ'JW    YORK    ILLUSTliA  TKD.-AI)  VKIiTlSKMKNTS. 


11 


PRATT'S     ASTRAL     QIL- 


TRADU   IflAUK. 

For  Family  Use.— No  change  of  Lamps  required —A  Perfectly- 
Safe  Illuminating  Oil. 

Strictly  Pure — No  Mixture,  No  Chemicals — Will  not  Explode — Fire  Test  145  degrees 
(beincj  35  degrees  higher  than  is  required  by  U.  S,  Government) — Packed  in  the  celebra- 
ted Guaranty  Patent  Cans.  Ask  for  Pratt's  "Astral,"  the  safest  and  best  Illumi- 
nating Oil.  Try  it.  Agents  wanted  in  every  town.  Sold  by  dealers  everywhere,  and  at 
wholesale  and  retail  by  the  Proprietors. 

OIL  HOUSE  OF  CHABLES  PRATT, 

(Established    1770.) 

Manufacturers,   Packers,  and   Dealers  in  Strictly  Pure  Oils, 

108  FULTON  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 
Box  3050.  Send  for  circulars,  with  testimonials  and  ])rice  lists. 

VIEW  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  HOTEL, 

AND 

^  The  MASSENA  SPRING 

_^ T=:-^  1^  located  on  the  verge  of  the 

~-=£-  —  — Riqnette  River,  St.  Lawrence 

_  ^ =—  County,  N.  Y.,  in  a  section  of 

_  country  noted  for  its  pure,  In- 

vigorating climate,  admirably 

—  _  _  adapted,  aside  from  the  sinjiu- 

—  lar  medicinal  virtues  of  it?  wa- 
tt 1  ?.  for  restoring  health  to  the 
iu\alid.        

The  Massena  Waters 

AKE  UNEQUALLED, 
As  a  remedy  for 
ObUinaie  Cutaneous  Eri/ptions, 
Scrofula,  Sail  Rheum,  Eiij- 
ipeiax,   Sheu?natum,    Can- 
cerous Tumors,  Gravel,  and 
all  affections  of  tlie  Kidneys 
and  Bladder,  Dyspepsia,  etc. 
The  Waters  are  bottled  wilh 
are,  and  may  be  ordered  from 
the  Spring,  or  from  our  Gen- 
ral  Agent, 

JOHN  W.  SHEDDEN, 
-    -  =r  No.  363  Bowery. 

=  ~^^r-  Cor.  4th  St.,  N.  Y., 

Or  from  the  leading  Druggists 

throughout  the  country. 
The  i'roprietor.s  wimld  refer  to  llie  lullowiag  geutlciueu:  Kt;v.  Dr.  John  JIcClintock,  Madison,  New  Jersey ;  Dr.  Alfred 
PuRDi-,  Dr.  Jos.  WoRSTER,  Peter  Balen,  Esq.,  New  York  City  ;  Hon.  D.  C.  Littlejohn,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Hon.  W.  C.  Pi£Bbe- 
PONT,  Pierrepont  Manor,  N.  Y. ;  Hon.  H.  Barton,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Hon.  J.  C.  Haines,  Chicago,  111. 
Guides  to  Spring,  with  analysis,  etc.,  may  be  had  at  the  Agency. 

Wholesale  Agents  :  JOHN  F.  HENRY,  New  York;  HtTRIiBURT  &  EDSALL,  Chicago. 
THE  UNITED  STATES  HOTEL,  with  its  Cottages,  is  beautifully  located  in  close  contiguity  to  the  Springs,  and  will  bo 
round  replete  with  all  things  necessary  for  promoting  the  comfurt  and  amusement  of  the  invalid  or  pleasure-seeker.     Good 
Fishing,  Gunning,  Boating,  Riding,  etc.    Warm  Baths  of  the  Spring  Waters.    Terms  reasonable. 

CROCKER   &  CO.,  Proprietors. 


12  ^^W    YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 

MIDDLETOWN 

IILIM  SPEIIG  Wlf  IB 

MiddletoTvn,    Rntland    Co.,    A^eruiont. 


Th  e  attention  of  the  public,  and  particularly  that  of  invalids,  is  directed  to  these  Springs — seven  in  number 
— whose  waters  are  very  highly  recommended  by  Physicians  and  all  others  familiar  with  their  wonderful  effect 
on  disease. 

THEY    ABE     UNRIVALLED    AS     A     RE3IEDY, 

REFRESHING-  AS  A  BEVERAGE, 

ANB  PRONOUNCED 

SUPERIOR    TO    ALL    OTHER    WATERS! 

ESPECIALLY    BENEFICIAL    IN    CASES    OF 

Dyspepsia,   Constipation,  Diarrhoea,  and  Diseases   of  the  Digestive   Organs 

and  all  Impurities  of  the  Blood,  and  Cutaneous  Diseases,  such  as 

Erysipelas,  Salt  Rheum,  Ulcerous  and  Cancerous  Affections. 

Also,  Rheumatism,  Liver  Complaint,  Kidney  and  Urinary  Diseases,  Female  Weakness,  General  Debility,  Catarrh 
Incipient  Consumption,  Neuralgia,  and  effectual  whenever  the  System  requires 

Furifying?    Regulating,    and    B^iilding    np. 

Waters  free  to  all  at  the  Springs.      Also  shipped,  securely  packed,  in  cases  of  twenty-four  quart  bottles. 

HUNDREDS    OF   TESTIMONIALS 

of  actual  cures,  and  Recommendations   of  scores  of  Physicians,  and  prominent  citizens  of  the  United  States. 
Pamphlets  sent  free  to  any  address,  giving  full  particulars.     Address 

QUAYS   &   CLARK, 

PliOPJilETOIiS  OF  MWDLETOVm  HEALING  SPSINGS, 

MIDDLETOWN,  VERMONT. 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


S.  N.  CARVALllO'S 

fill  #iLM,lilT  if 


rjy 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  STUDIO, 

No.  765  BROADWAY, 

(Between  8tu  and  Qin  Sts.)  IL^'ET^TT  "^CXR"^.. 


CARTES  DE  VISITE  AND  PHOTOGRAPHS  OF  ALL  KINDS. 

Ferrotypes  3Iade  and  Delivered  in  15  3Iinutes. 

Copies  of  Old  Daguerreotypes  and  Cartes  de  Visite  enlarged  to  Life-Size.     All  work  guaranteed  to  give  satisfaction. 

PORCELAIN    MINIATURES 

PAINTED    IN    TEE   FIRST    STYLE   OF   ART,    AT    VERY   MODERATE    PRICES. 
Thirty  years  of  continual  practice,  as  a 

Enables  Mr.  Carvalho  to  assure  his  patrons  that  all  work  intrusted  to  him  will  bo  exccutea  with  promptness 

and  fidelity. 


Iill'©m®ii©i  ®f  ililirem  m  Spiilmlty* 

By  a  new  process,  Photographic  Likenesses  of  Children  arc  made  almost  instantaneously.     Pictures  can  be  made 
equally  well  in  cloudy  weather,  and,  for  blue  eyes,  it  is  more  desirable. 

y.  B. — Old  or  Faded  Daguerreotypes  restored  to  their  former  brilliancy. 


14 


NEW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


BROOK'S 


f am  aiDAii  mm^  €#f  t tn. 


FOR    SEWING    MACHINES. 


THE  CELEBRATED 

Patent  Glace  Finish, 

200  YARDS. 
White,  Nos.  8  to  150, 
Assorted  in  cases,  or  solid  in  10 
doz.  packages. 

Black,  200  Yards,  Nos.  8  to  150, 

In  cases  or  packages  as  above. 
Black,  500  Yards,  Nos.  20  to  90, 
Solid,  in  100  doz.  cases  or  10  doz. 
packages. 

Colored  200  Yds,  Nos.  24  to  60, 
In  100  doz.  cases,  assorted  num- 
bers and  colors,  and  in  10  doz. 


^m^^ 


BEST 

SIX-CORD 

Soft-Finished  White, 

200  YARDS. 

Nos.  8  to  150, 

In  cases  of  100  dozen,  assorted, 
or  packages  of  10  dozen . 
solid. 

ALSO, 

500  YARDS, 

Solid,  in  cases  of  100  doz.,  or 
packages  of  10  doz. 
Nos.  20  to  150. 


A  fac-simile  of  this  Cut  is  on  the  Wrapper  of  each  Doz. 


RETAILED  AND  JOBBED  AT  THE 

W Iliti  A  eilli  itwiig  ■mille©  l©i®% 

No.  6S8  Broadway,  corner  of  Bond  Street,  New  York, 
Ajro  CONSTANTLY  FOR  SALE,  IN  ORIGINAL  CASES,  I?Y 

WM.  HENRY  SMITH  &  CO.,  Sole  Agents  in  U.  S., 

NO.  61  LISONABD  STBEBT,  NEW  TOBK. 


iVA'll'  YORK  ILIMsrUA  TKD. —  \1)  V KHTlsKMKMTti. 


16 


ESTABLISHED  1835. 

111  Fulton  Street,  JSTeiv  York, 

Manufacturers  of  White  Lead  and  Zinc  Paints,  and 
PAINTERS'  PINE  COLORS, 

AND    SOLE    MANUFACTURERS    OF    THE    CELEBRATED 

READY-MADE    COLORS, 

For  all  kinds  of  Exterior  and  Interior  Painting,  called 

R^ILRO^D    COLORS. 

These  paints  are  ground  in  Linseed  Oil  to  the  last  degree  of  fineness,  and  are 
compounded  with  a  view  to  economy,  durability,  and  good  taste.  They  are  the 
result  of  careful  experiments  and  thorough  tests,  the  object  being  (what  we  claim  to 
have  accomplished  in  their  production),  viz. : 

SUPEEIORITY  m  BODY  (covering  property)  to  any  paints  ever  before 
offered. 

That  in  Color  they  are  as  permanent  as  it  is  possible  any  color  can  be,  exposed 
to  the  influence  of  Sunlight. 

That  in  point  of  economy  they  are  unequalled,  because  a  given  weight  will 
cover  nearly  double  the  surface  that  pure  White  Lead  will  cover. 

The  list  of  colors  includes  Forty  Tints  and  Shades,  comprising  all  which  are 
most  suitable.     Sample  cards  sent  by  mail  on  application. 

We  request  all  requiring  such  goods  to  confer  directly  with  us.  We  guarantee 
to  furnish  a  hetter  Paint  at  a  given  price  than  can  be  obtained  in  any  other  way. 

M^SXJRY    &    TS^HITON. 

N.  B.— "How  SHALL  WE  Paint?"  a  Treatise  on  House  Painting  by  J.  W.  Masury,  Cloth,  216  pp.,  $1.50. 
Also,  "Hints  on  House  Painting,"  Cloth,  84  pp.,  40  cents.  Either  of  these  sent  free  by  mail  on  receipt  of 
the  price. 


16  ^'EW   YORK  ILLUSTRATED.— ADVERTISEMENTS. 


D.   APPLETON   &   CO., 

90,    92    &    94    QR^ND    ST., 
NEW    YORK, 

Publishers,  Booksellers,  &  Stationers. 


THEY     PUBLISH 

MORE   THAN   200   SCHOOL   BOOKS, 

Largely  introduced  into  the  various  Educational  Institutions  of  tlie  country. 
Catalogues  sent  to  any  address,  on  application. 


f  sua  Sf  At StMll.¥  IWilMliS 

INCLUDES  EVERY  ARTICLE  IN  THAT  LINE. 


BLANK    BOOKS 


MADE  AT  OUR  OWN  MANUFACTORY, 
Iti  the  most  expeditious  manTieVf  at  a  reasonable  cost 


1 


